Summary of findings 5. Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) versus normal diet for people with CKD‐MBD.
| low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) versus normal diet for people with CKD‐MBD | ||||||
| Patient or population: patients with CKD‐MBD Settings: multicentre Intervention: low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) Comparison: normal diet | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Normal diet | Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) | |||||
| Serum phosphorus Follow‐up: mean 3 months | Mean serum phosphorus (control) 20.7 mmol/L |
Mean serum phosphorus (intervention) 1.7 mmol/L lower (3.01 to 0.39 lower) |
279 (1) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2 | ||
| Mortality Follow‐up: mean 3 months | Study population | RR 0.18 (0.01 to 3.82) | 279 (1) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate2 | ||
| 15 per 1000 | 3 per 1000 (0 to 55) | |||||
| Medium risk population | ||||||
| 15 per 1000 | 3 per 1000 (0 to 55) | |||||
| Cardiovascular events | Not reported | Not reported | Not estimable | ‐ | Not estimable | |
| Fracture | Not reported | Not reported | Not estimable | ‐ | Not estimable | |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; RR: relative risk | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1 It was assessed as unclear risk of selection bias, performance bias and detection bias. 2 Only one published study was included.