Li 2011c.

Methods	Study design: RCT Duration of study: 8 weeks
Participants	Country: China Setting: single centre Diagnostic criteria: not reported Number: treatment group (20); control group (20) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (52.4 ± 4.9); control group (51.1 ± 5.8) Sex (M/F): treatment group (10/10); control group (11/9) Comorbidity: uncontrolled hyperphosphataemia
Interventions	Treatment group Restriction of dietary protein intake with keto‐acid supplementation (0.8 g/kg ideal body weight/day with keto‐acids x 12 tablets/d) Control group Normal dietary protein intake(normal dietary protein intake: 1.0 to 1.2 g/kg ideal body weight/day according to the patient's routine diet)
Outcomes	Serum phosphorus (mmol/L) Serum calcium (mmol/L)
Notes	Phosphorus and calcium control group data not provided in detail at 8 weeks ‐ not included in the meta‐analyses Funding: "supported by a grant from New Century Grant for the Talented People by National Education Committee of China, and Ketosteril Research Award by Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH"
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Open‐label study
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Phosphorus and calcium data from control group participants were not provided in detail at the end of 8 weeks
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Published reports included all prespecified outcomes
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement