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. 2022 Jun 1;10:883841. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.883841

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Copyright © 2022 Farley, Eldahshoury and de Marcos Lousa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of extracellular vesicle secretion in mammalian cells and plant cells. Mammalian EVs including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes are secreted in the extracellular medium. Plant EVs are also secreted in the extracellular medium (the apoplast). Exosomes are secreted by fusion of MVBs with the PM, EXPO vesicles are also secreted by fusion with the PM while microvesicles and apoptotic bodies are released through budding of the PM. EE: Early Endosome; ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum; ILVs: Intraluminal Vesicles; LE: Late Endosome; LPVC: Late Pre-vacuolar Compartment; MVB: Multivesicular Body; PM: Plasma Membrane; TGN: Trans Golgi Network; (proportions of organelle sizes not conserved).