Table 3.
Ethogram used for behavior analysis for study #1 and study #2.
| Behavior | Description |
|---|---|
| Active | Standing, walking, or sitting without interaction with another pig |
| Belly nosing | A repeated rhythmic up-and-down massage of the snout on a pen-mate's mid section (30) |
| Pen-mate nosing | Nosing, sucking, chewing, or biting another pig in an arrhythmic manner (distinct from belly-nosing) (30) |
| Nosing pen | Manipulating with snout any part of the pen (e.g., pen dividers, floor) |
| Tail-biting (TB) | Taking the tail of another pig into the mouth |
| Ear-biting (EB) | Taking the ear of another pig into the mouth |
| Non-aggressive interaction | Directing investigatory behavior toward another pig, but excluding the performance of other behavior (e.g., sniff/flank-directed) |
| Aggressive interaction | Engaging in agonistic interaction – pushing, biting, and head-knocking with another pig |
| Flank-directed oral/nasal | Oral/nasal attention (including bites) to the flank of another pig |
| At drinker | Drinking water from the nipple drinker |
| At feeder | Head positioned inside the feeder |
| Lying | Weight and body not supported by legs, but excluding performance of any of the above behavior |
| Out of view | Not in view of the camera |