Table 1.
Correlation between peritoneal dissemination and clinicopathologic features [n (%)].
| Group | Training cohort (n=885) | Validation cohort (n=379) | P* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non.PD | PD | Standardize diff. | P-value | non.PD | PD | Standardize diff. | P-value | ||
| Gender | 0.03 (-0.12, 0.18) | 0.721 | 0.01 (-0.22, 0.24) | 0.933 | 0.965 | ||||
| Male | 442 (66.57%) | 150 (67.87%) | 190 (66.90%) | 64 (67.37%) | |||||
| Female | 222 (33.43%) | 71 (32.13%) | 94 (33.10%) | 31 (32.63%) | |||||
| Depth of invasion | 2.07 (1.79, 2.35) | <0.001 | 4.91 (4.31, 5.52) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Mucosa(T1a) | 119 (17.92%) | 1 (1.56%) | 57 (20.07%) | 0 (0.00%) | |||||
| Submucosa(T1b) | 158 (23.80%) | 2 (3.12%) | 85 (29.93%) | 0 (0.00%) | |||||
| muscularis propria(T2) | 226 (34.04%) | 1 (1.56%) | 117 (41.20%) | 0 (0.00%) | |||||
| Within serosa (T3) | 136 (20.48%) | 36 (56.25%) | 25 (8.80%) | 7 (36.84%) | |||||
| Beyond serosa (T4a-4b) | 25 (3.77%) | 24 (37.50%) | 0 (0.00%) | 12 (63.16%) | |||||
| Lymphatic metastasis | 0.93 (0.67, 1.19) | <0.001 | 1.40 (0.94, 1.87) | <0.001 | 0.200 | ||||
| N0 | 326 (49.10%) | 9 (14.06%) | 137 (48.24%) | 1 (5.00%) | |||||
| N1(1-2) | 90 (13.55%) | 8 (12.50%) | 47 (16.55%) | 3 (15.00%) | |||||
| N2(3-6) | 108 (16.27%) | 11 (17.19%) | 35 (12.32%) | 1 (5.00%) | |||||
| N3-N4(≥7) | 140 (21.08%) | 36 (56.25%) | 65 (22.89%) | 15 (75.00%) | |||||
| vascular cancer embolus | 0.81 (0.55, 1.07) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.13, 1.02) | 0.019 | 0.679 | ||||
| Absent | 349 (53.12%) | 11 (17.19%) | 142 (50.35%) | 5 (23.81%) | |||||
| Present | 308 (46.88%) | 53 (82.81%) | 140 (49.65%) | 16 (76.19%) | |||||
| Lympho-vascular invasion | 0.84 (0.58, 1.10) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.68, 1.61) | <0.001 | 0.837 | ||||
| Absent | 332 (50.08%) | 9 (14.06%) | 139 (49.12%) | 1 (5.00%) | |||||
| Present | 331 (49.92%) | 55 (85.94%) | 144 (50.88%) | 19 (95.00%) | |||||
| Perineural infiltration | 0.54 (0.28, 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.19, 1.10) | 0.009 | 0.982 | ||||
| Absent | 363 (55.34%) | 19 (29.69%) | 155 (54.96%) | 5 (25.00%) | |||||
| Present | 293 (44.66%) | 45 (70.31%) | 127 (45.04%) | 15 (75.00%) | |||||
| Age | 0.02 (-0.13, 0.17) | 0.801 | 0.37 (0.13, 0.60) | 0.003 | 0.081 | ||||
| ≤60 | 318 (47.89%) | 108 (48.87%) | 154 (54.23%) | 68 (71.58%) | |||||
| >60 | 346 (52.11%) | 113 (51.13%) | 130 (45.77%) | 27 (28.42%) | |||||
| CEA | 0.36 (0.21, 0.51) | <0.001 | 0.39 (0.16, 0.63) | <0.001 | 0.393 | ||||
| Negative(<5.2 ng/ml) | 578 (87.05%) | 161 (72.85%) | 243 (85.56%) | 66 (69.47%) | |||||
| Positive(≥5.2 ng/ml) | 86 (12.95%) | 60 (27.15%) | 41 (14.44%) | 29 (30.53%) | |||||
| CA50 | 0.51 (0.35, 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.11, 0.58) | 0.001 | 0.758 | ||||
| Negative(<25 U/ml) | 630 (94.88%) | 171 (78.08%) | 264 (92.96%) | 75 (81.52%) | |||||
| Positive(≥25 U/ml) | 34 (5.12%) | 48 (21.92%) | 20 (7.04%) | 17 (18.48%) | |||||
| CA125 | 0.73 (0.53, 0.93) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.45, 1.01) | <0.001 | 0.123 | ||||
| Negative(<35 U/ml) | 642 (96.69%) | 84 (71.79%) | 282 (99.30%) | 48 (77.42%) | |||||
| Positive(≥35 U/ml) | 22 (3.31%) | 33 (28.21%) | 2 (0.70%) | 14 (22.58%) | |||||
| CA72-4 | 0.64 (0.48, 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.23, 0.71) | <0.001 | 0.626 | ||||
| Negative(<6.9 U/ml) | 556 (83.73%) | 122 (55.71%) | 236 (83.10%) | 59 (62.77%) | |||||
| Positive(≥6.9 U/ml) | 108 (16.27%) | 97 (44.29%) | 48 (16.90%) | 35 (37.23%) | |||||
| CA242 | 0.46 (0.30, 0.61) | <0.001 | 0.36 (0.12, 0.59) | 0.001 | 0.281 | ||||
| Negative(<20 U/ml) | 615 (92.62%) | 167 (76.61%) | 255 (89.79%) | 72 (76.60%) | |||||
| Positive(≥20 U/ml) | 49 (7.38%) | 51 (23.39%) | 29 (10.21%) | 22 (23.40%) | |||||
| Diameter | 0.73 (0.47, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.11, 1.02) | 0.048 | 0.344 | ||||
| <2cm | 186 (28.01%) | 2 (3.12%) | 69 (24.30%) | 1 (5.00%) | |||||
| ≥2cm | 478 (71.99%) | 62 (96.88%) | 215 (75.70%) | 19 (95.00%) | |||||
| CA19-9 | 0.43 (0.27, 0.58) | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.21, 0.68) | <0.001 | 0.814 | ||||
| Negative(<27 U/ml) | 561 (84.49%) | 147 (66.52%) | 239 (84.15%) | 62 (65.26%) | |||||
| Positive(≥27 U/ml) | 103 (15.51%) | 74 (33.48%) | 45 (15.85%) | 33 (34.74%) | |||||
PD, peritoneal dissemination. cT satge (clinical T stage), depth of invasion. cN stage (clinical N stage), lymphatic metastasis. Standardize diff., standard difference. P*, the difference between the training cohort and the validation cohort.