Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients, stratified for disease severity.
| Demographics and comorbidities | COVID-19 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy controls | Non-critical | Critical | |
| n = 16 | n = 26 | n = 30 | |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 49 (35–61) | 54 (42–69) | 64 (55–71) |
| Male gender—no. (%) | 5 (31) | 18 (69) | 25 (83) |
| Ethnic group—no. (%) | |||
| White | 16 (100) | 22 (85) | 23 (77) |
| Black | 0 (0) | 3 (12) | 4 (13) |
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 3 (10) |
| Ischemic heart disease—no. (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 4 (14) |
| Chronic kidney disease—no. (%) | 1 (6) | 1 (4) | 5 (17) |
| Hypertension—no. (%) | 1 (6) | 6 (23) | 19 (63) |
| Diabetes—no. (%) | 0 (0) | 7 (27) | 12 (40) |
| Obesity—no. (%) | 1 (6) | 10/16 (63) | 12/28 (43) |
| Admission | |||
| Wave of COVID-19 | |||
| First | – | 7 (27) | 12 (40) |
| Second | – | 19 (73) | 18 (60) |
| Symptoms at admission | |||
| Fever—no. (%) | – | 19/25 (76) | 22/29 (76) |
| Cough—no. (%) | – | 21 (81) | 20 (67) |
| Dyspnea—no. (%) | – | 19 (73) | 20 (67) |
| Pharyngeal pain—no. (%) | – | 6 (23) | 1 (3) |
| Confusion—no. (%) | – | 1 (4) | 4 (13) |
| Anosmia/ageusia—no. (%) | – | 8 (31) | 5 (17) |
| Rhinitis—no. (%) | – | 5 (19) | 2 (7) |
| Diarrhea—no. (%) | – | 8 (31) | 7 (23) |
| Chest pain—no. (%) | – | 5 (19) | 2 (7) |
| Oxygen saturation, median (IQR), % | – | 92 (89–93) | 86 (75–92) |
| CRP, median (IQR), mg/l | – | 97 (76–136) | 102 (56–145) |
| eGFR, median (IQR), ml/min per 1.73 m2 | – | 90 (66–100) | 73 (46–92) |
| LDH, median (IQR), IU/l | – | 349 (303–428) | 424 (289–556) |
| Lymphocytes, median (IQR), µl−1 | – | 1115 (810–1350) | 825 (590–1090) |
| Worst biological values during hospital stay | |||
| Peak CRP, median (IQR), mg/l | – | 103 (78–167) | 321 (212–377) |
| Peak serum creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dl | – | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) |
| Nadir lymphocyte count, median (IQR), µl−1 | – | 825 (580–1190) | 315 (220–510) |
| Peak LDH, median (IQR), IU/l | – | 410 (347–508) | 638 (515–769) |
| Peak D-dimers, median (IQR), ng/ml | – | 775 (464–1198) | 2127 (812–6260) |
| Peak ferritin, median (IQR), µg/l | – | 951 (398–1619) | 1498 (831–2669) |
| Outcome | |||
| Hospital LOS, median (IQR), days | – | 6 (5–10) | 33 (17–96) |
| Death—no. (%) | – | 0 (0) | 14 (47) |
| Mechanical ventilation—no. (%) | – | 0 (0) | 25 (83) |
| AKI—no. (%) | – | 4 (15) | 16 (53) |
| AKI requiring dialysis—no. (%) | – | 0 (0) | 7 (23) |
Continuous variables are expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR), and categorical variables as numbers (no.) and percentages (%). CRP C-reactive protein; eGFR (CKD-EPI) estimated glomerular filtration rate derived from serum creatinine level using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation; LDH lactate dehydrogenase; LOS, length of stay; AKI acute kidney injury.