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. 2022 May 27;12:885985. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.885985

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Copyright © 2022 Zafar, Galon, Kondoh, Efstratiou, Li, Ji, Liu, Li, Hasegawa, Zhou and Xuan

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Kinetics of serum antibodies specific to B. rodhaini after challenge infection. The production of (A) IgM, (B) IgG, (C) IgG1, (D) IgG2a, (E) IgG2b, (F) IgG2c, and (G) IgG3 in mice after challenge infection with B. rodhaini was determined in Br mice and B. rodhaini and B. microti co-infected groups (bm/br4 and bm/br6 mice). Detection of IgGs and IgM was performed on days 2, 4, and 6. For the detection of serum antibodies against B. rodhaini, rBrP26 protein was used as the detection antigen in ELISA assays. The results are expressed as mean values ± the SD for six mice. Ordinary one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s test was used for the statistical analysis. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).