Table 1.

Interpretation of blood pressure and heart rate measurements in the event of clinical suspicion of orthostatic hypotension (20) and after differential diagnosis with vertigo, postural instability, ataxia, weakness of leg muscles, and osteoarthritis with weight-bearing musculoskeletal pain.

After 5′supine position	1st measurement	If BP: >140/90 mmHg → Probable NOH
1 ′ standing	2nd measurement	If BP: ↓c+20/10 mmHg → hTO [If BP: ↓+30/15 mmHg → assess whether MSA phenotype exists]
2 ′ -5 ′ standing	3rd−4th measurements	In case of high clinical suspicion without objective proof of hTO in the measurements, carry out several repetitions in this range until: - BP: ↓+20/10 mmHg → hTO [if also not so pronounced HR ↑ → NOH]
10′standing (or head up tilt)	5th measurement	Sustained HR ↑+30 lpm* without hTO → POTS

hTO, Orthostatic hypotension; NOH, neurogenic orthostatic hypotension; BP, blood pressure (mmHg); MSA, multiple system atrophy; HR, heart rate; POTS, Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase.

^*For individuals between 12 and 19 years old, ↑+40 lpm is required.