Table 2.

DDD volumes, costs of medication and spacers

	pMDI use in 2020, in medication groups: SABA, LABA, ICS, SAMA, LABA–ICS, LABA–SAMA–ICS	70% of pMDI use (part that can theoretically be safely replaced)	Replacement of pMDI by low-cost NPI	Replacement by NPI, in current market share
Volume in DDD	172 918 633	121 043 043	121 043 043	121 043 043
Medication cost	€129 856 283	€90 899 398	€54 419 848	€107 245 032
Cost of spacers	€18 004 187	€12 602 931	€0	€0
Total cost	€147 860 470	€103 502 329	€54 419 848	€107 245 032
Impact of replacement			€49 082 481 savings	€3 742 703 increased costs

DDD, defined daily dose; ICS, inhalation corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting beta agonists; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; NPI, non-propellant inhaler; pMDI, pressurised metered-dose inhaler; SABA, short-acting beta agonists; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonists.