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. 2022 May 31;6(5):e36339. doi: 10.2196/36339

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©Mariette Abrahams, Rochez O’Grady, Janne Prawitt. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 31.05.2022.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Absolute change in Medical Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ) scores, n=14: (A) total MSQ score over the study period. Questionnaire administered: MSQ 1 at baseline, MSQ 2 at week 2, and MSQ 3 at week 8 after supplementation; (B) average bloating score; (C) average constipation score; and (D) average intestinal stomach pain score. Average scores in figures B, C, and D were calculated as subscore of digestive health category within the MSQ 5-point scale of symptom occurrence and its effect: 0=never or almost never; 1=occasional but not severe; 2=occasional, severe; 3=frequent, not severe; and 4=frequent, severe. Data are expressed as mean (SD).