Table 3.
Comparison of AP Management Practices in Different Regions
| Variable | Europe (n = 409) |
India (n = 366) |
Latin America (n = 325) |
North America (n = 512) |
Total (n = 1612) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluids | ||||||
| Amount, median (IQR)a | 2.5 (2.0–3.6) | 3.2 (2.0–4.5) | 3.0 (2.5–3.8) | 3.0 (2.0–4.2) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | < .001 |
| Type of fluid, LR (%) | 315 (77.0) | 337 (92.3) | 24 (7.4) | 253 (49.4) | 930 (57.7) | < .001 |
| Inpatient pain management (%) | ||||||
| NSAIDs | 277 (67.7) | 1 (0.3) | 155 (47.7) | 91 (17.8) | 524 (32.5) | < .001 |
| Tramadol | 184 (45.0) | 334 (91.3) | 111 (34.2) | 40 (7.8) | 669 (41.5) | < .001 |
| Opioids | 41 (11.9) | 90 (24.9) | 167 (59.0) | 454 (92.5) | 752 (50.8) | < .001 |
| Opioids at discharge (%) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | 17 (6.2) | 314 (64.3) | 334 (23.3) | < .001 |
| Nutritional support (%) | ||||||
| Enteral nutritionb | 34 (31.8) | 43 (19.9) | 15 (15.3) | 46 (34.8) | 138 (25.0) | < .001 |
| TPNb | 3 (2.8) | 59 (27.3) | 4 (4.1) | 9 (6.8) | 75 (13.6) | < .001 |
| ERCPc | 29 (14.4) | 17 (16.8) | 34 (14.1) | 76 (44.7) | 156 (21.9) | < .001 |
| Cholecystectomyd | 52 (31.7) | 6 (15.0) | 101 (59.8) | 52 (42.6) | 211 (42.6) | < .001 |
| Early pancreatic interventionb | 9 (8.4) | 50 (23.1) | 5 (5.1) | 9 (6.8) | 73 (13.2) | < .001 |
NOTE. P values are based on Fisher exact for categorical variables and Kruskall-Wallis global tests for continuous one. Missing data: Narcotics use during hospitalization was missing in 65 patients in Europe, 4 in India, 23 in Latin America, and 21 subjects in North America. Overall data completion rate for narcotics during hospitalization was 91.8%. Narcotics at discharge were missing in 90 patients in Europe, 16 in India, 51 in Latin America, and 24 subjects in North America. The overall data completion rate for narcotics at discharge was 88.8%; all other variables had overall data completion rate of more than 95%.
AP, acute pancreatitis; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; IQR, interquartile range; LR, lactated Ringer solution; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.
Amount in liters within initial 24 hours of admission.
Among revised Atlanta classification moderately severe or severe patients.
Among biliary AP patients.
Among RAC mild biliary AP patients.