Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Social learning group (n = 22) | Control group (n = 22) | Overall | Difference (P, χ2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age | 61.91 (12.86) | 63.75 (12.67)1) | 62.79 | 1.84 (F = 0.22, P = 0.64) |
| Sex: Female | 13 (59.09%) | 14 (63.64%) | 61.36% | 4.55% (χ2 = 0.1, P = 0.76) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Back pain duration in total (mo) | 151 (154.59) | 180.05 (140.12) | 165.52 | 29.05 (F = 0.43, P = 0.52) |
| Back pain duration of current intensity (mo) | 57.36 (53.74) | 97.68 (84.60) | 77.52 | 40.32 (F = 3.56, P = 0.07) |
| Disability caused by back pain | 6.14 (2.71) | 6.05 (2.77) | 6.09 | 0.09 (F = 0.01, P = 0.91) |
| Perceived health compared with 1 year ago | 2 (1.23) | 2.05 (1.53) | 2.02 | 0.05 (F = 0.01, P = 0.91) |
| Perceived health compared with onset chronic pain | 1.95 (1.33) | 1.81 (1.47) | 1.89 | 0.14 (F = 0.1, P = 0.75) |
| Average pain (numerical rating scale 0-10) | 6.36 (1.94) | 6.23 (1.77) | 6.3 | 0.13 (F= 0.06, P = 0.81) |
| Back pain intensity (strongest pain in the past 6 mo) | 8.18 (1.82) | 8.27 (1.70) | 8.23 | 0.09 (F = 0.03, P = 0.86) |
| Pain-related active coping self-statement | 37.14 (8.01) | 31.45 (7.55) | 5.86 | 5.69 (F = 5.86, P = 0.02) |
| Pain-related negative coping self-statement | 26.68 (9.68) | 29.73 (11.04) | 28.20 | 3.05 (F = 0.95, P = 0.34) |
| Depressed mood (Allgemeine Depressionsskala) | 21.09 (10.38) | 22.00 (9.15) | 21.53 | 0.91 (F = 0.09, P = 0.76) |
| Functional capacity in % (FFbHR) | 50.38 (26.32) | 59.09 (21.69) | 54.73 | 8.71 (F = 1.44, P = 0.24) |
| Duration of amitriptyline intake (mo) | 19.91 (24.64) | 18.36 (24.00) | 19.14 | 1.55 (F = 0.04, P = 0.83) |
| Dosage of amitriptyline (mg) | 48.91 (90.94) | 49.95 (96.21) | 92.52 | 1.04 (F = 2.61, P = 0.11) |
Data are mean values (SD), n (%), or n. Bold indicates only pain-related active coping self-statement revealed significant differences between groups with significantly more active coping self-statements in the social learning group. 1). n = 20 in the control group because 2 participants did not fill out their age.