Table 2.
Changes from baseline to posttest in average pain ratings, cognitive and emotional processing of pain, and self-ratings of functional capacity.
| Average pain | Functional capacity | Pain-related active coping self-statements | Pain-related negative self-statements | Depressed mood | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Posttest | Baseline | Posttest | Baseline | Posttest | Baseline | Posttest | Baseline | Posttest | |||||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Social learning | 6.36 | 1.94 | 5.91 | 1.85 | 50.38 | 26.32 | 53.60 | 24.68 | 37.14 | 8.01 | 38.45 | 7.51 | 26.68 | 9.68 | 23.55 | 9.32 | 21.09 | 10.38 | 14.68 | 10.49 |
| Control group | 6.23 | 1.77 | 5.36 | 1.81 | 59.09 | 21.69 | 55.87 | 23.35 | 31.45 | 7.55 | 35.27 | 6.74 | 29.73 | 11.04 | 24.45 | 9.40 | 22.00 | 9.15 | 14.71 | 8.21 |
| ANOVA | F (1,41) | P | d | F (1,41) | P | d | F (1,41) | P | d | F (1,41) | P | d | F (1,41) | P | d | |||||
| Time | 7.16 | 0.01 | 0.82 | 0.00 | ≤1.0 | 0 | 5.63 | 0.02 | 0.73 | 11.41 | 0.002 | 1.04 | 40.19 | < 0.05 | 1.98 | |||||
| ANOVA | F (1,41) | P | d | F (1,41) | P | d | F (1,41) | P | d | F (1,41) | P | d | F (1,41) | P | d | |||||
| Group | 0.47 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 5.04 | 0.03 | 11.18 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.86 | 0.06 | |||||
| ANOVA | F (3,44) | P | d | F (3,44) | P | d | F (3,44) | P | d | F (3,44) | P | d | F (3,44) | P | d | |||||
| Time × group | 0.69 | 0.41 | 0.26 | 4.22 | 0.046 | 0.63 | 1.33 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.74 | 0.4 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.69 | 0.13 | |||||
Mean values (M) and SDs for both groups at baseline and at posttest. The results of a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the main effect time, group, and interaction of time and group (ie, difference between both groups in baseline to posttest changes) with F values (F), probability (P), and effect size Cohen d (d). Bold indicates average pain, active, and negative pain-related self-statements and depressed mood improved significantly from baseline to posttest, but there was no difference between groups. The effect time and group interaction was only significant for functional capacity.