Table 3.

Complier average causal effect estimates for pain and disability for low back pain and knee osteoarthritis.

Condition	Outcome	Treatment compliance	N*	Modelled compliance†	Mean difference between groups at 26 wk (95% CI)‡
LBP	Pain	≥6 calls + consult	158	29.5%	−1.4 (−3.1, 0.40)
		≥4 calls + consult	158	33.3%	−1.2 (−2.8, 0.3)
		ITT	158		−0.41 (−0.9, 0.1)
	Disability	≥6 calls + consult	93	39.5%	−2.1 (−8.6, 4.5)
		≥4 calls + consult	93	39.5%	−2.1 (−8.6, 4.5)
		ITT	93		−0.81 (−3.4, 1.8)
Knee OA	Pain	≥6 calls	118	34.5%	−0.4 (−2.3, 1.4)
		≥4 calls	118	43.1%	−0.3 (−1.8, 1.2)
		ITT	118		−0.14 (−0.8, 0.5)
	Disability	≥6 calls	88	37.8%	8.8 (−12.4, 29.9)
		≥4 calls	88	48.6%	6.8 (−9.6, 23.3)
		ITT	88		3.3 (−4.8, 11.5)

^*N is the number of participants with data available for analysis in intervention and control groups.

^†Compliance is estimated from modelling.

^‡Point estimate is the difference between groups, ie, the results from the proportion of people who participated (4-6 calls + 1 consultation) in the treatment group minus proportion with participation in the control group.

CI, confidence interval; LBP, low back pain; OA, osteoarthritis; ITT, intention-to-treat.