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Summary of the mechanism by which the gut microbiota mediate the microbiota–gut–brain axis. The gut microbiota produce metabolites (SCFAs and tryptophan metabolites) and microbial neurotransmitters (GABA, catecholamine, and serotonin). The gut microbiota and their metabolites further impact IECs and the immune system, which mediate the pathology of neurological disorders
