Table 4.

Mean values ± standard deviation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of ketamine and fentanyl in plasma samples of dogs treated with ketamine (GK: bolus 0.5 mg kg⁻¹; CRI 20 µg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹ in intra- and postoperative periods), fentanyl (GF: bolus 5 µg kg⁻¹; intraoperative CRI 5 µg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ and postoperative CRI 2 µg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹), or combination of ketamine-fentanyl (GKF: aforementioned doses)

	Group	AUC	Cmax (ng mL−1)	Cl (mL minute−1 kg−1)
KET	GK	3854.55 ± 1698.62	2894.62 ± 2860.39	0.034 ± 0.034
	GKF	8686.15 ± 7290.39	2217.34 ± 1927.83	0.024 ± 0.018
FENT	GKF	7.84 ± 2.53	3.9 ± 0.81	0.041 ± 0.026
	GF	7.45 ± 4.12	5.3 ± 1.77	0.063 ± 0.048

Area under the curve (AUC); clearance (Cl); maximum plasma concentration (C_max)