Table 2.
General characteristics of study participants
| Factor | Low fruit-vegetable (N = 94) |
High fruit/low meat-poultry (N = 21) |
P-value | Total (N = 115) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± sd, years) | 60.6 ± 11.9 | 62.0 ± 11.4 | 0.73 | 60.8 ± 11.8 |
| ≤ 50 | 20 (21.3) | 3 (14.3) | 0.91 | 23 (20.0) |
| 51–60 | 25 (26.6) | 6 (28.6) | 31 (27.0) | |
| 61–70 | 29 (30.9) | 7 (33.3) | 36 (31.3) | |
| ≥ 71 | 20 (21.3) | 5 (23.8) | 25 (21.7) | |
| Sex | > 0.99 | |||
| Female | 34 (36.2) | 7 (33.3) | 41 (35.7) | |
| Male | 60 (63.8) | 14 (66.7) | 74 (64.3) | |
| Family of CRC | ||||
| No | 84 (89.4) | 21 (100.0) | 0.29 | 105 (91.3) |
| 1st degree | 7 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (6.1) | |
| 2nd degree | 3 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.6) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 74 (78.7) | 18 (85.7) | 0.61 | 92 (80.0) |
| Former smoker | 3 (3.2) | 1 (4.8) | 4 (3.5) | |
| Current smoker | 17 (18.1) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (16.5) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Nondrinker | 63 (67.0) | 11 (52.4) | 0.37 | 74 (64.3) |
| Former drinker | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Current drinker | 30 (31.9) | 10 (47.6) | 40 (34.8) | |
| BMI (mean ± sd, kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 23.1 ± 2.4 | 0.02 | 24.6 ± 3.3 |
| Normal (< = 22.9) | 29 (30.9) | 9 (42.9) | 0.17 | 38 (33.0) |
| Overweight (23- ≤ 24.9) | 17 (18.1) | 6 (28.6) | 23 (20.0) | |
| Obesity (≥ 25.0) | 48 (51.1) | 6 (28.6) | 54 (47.0) | |
| AJCC stage | ||||
| 0 | 4 (4.3) | 1 (4.8) | 0.54 | 5 (4.3) |
| 1 | 18 (19.1) | 1 (4.8) | 19 (16.5) | |
| 2 | 27 (28.7) | 7 (33.3) | 34 (29.6) | |
| 3 | 29 (30.9) | 9 (42.9) | 38 (33.0) | |
| 4 | 16 (17.0) | 3 (14.3) | 19 (16.5) | |
| Neoadjuvant therapy | ||||
| No | 85 (90.4) | 19 (90.5) | 0.86 | 104 (90.4) |
| Chemotherapy and radiotherapy | 6 (6.4) | 1 (4.8) | 7 (6.1) | |
| Chemotherapy only | 2 (2.1) | 1 (4.8) | 3 (2.6) | |
| Radiotherapy only | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| No | 38 (40.4) | 10 (47.6) | 0.72 | 48(41.7) |
| Yes | 56 (59.6) | 11 (52.4) | 67 (58.3) | |
| Heart disease | ||||
| No | 86 (91.5) | 20 (95.2) | 0.90 | 106 (92.2) |
| Yes | 8 (8.5) | 1 (4.8) | 9 (7.8) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 59 (62.8) | 16 (76.2) | 0.36 | 75 (65.2) |
| Yes | 35 (37.2) | 5 (23.8) | 40 (34.8) | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 75 (79.8) | 19 (90.5) | 0.40 | 94 (81.7) |
| Yes | 19 (20.2) | 2 (9.5) | 21 (18.3) | |
| Pulmonary disease | ||||
| No | 87 (92.6) | 19 (90.5) | > 0.99 | 106 (92.2) |
| Yes | 7 (7.4) | 2 (9.5) | 9 (7.8) | |
| Liver disease | ||||
| No | 90 (95.7) | 20 (95.2) | > 0.99 | 110 (95.7) |
| Yes | 4 (4.3) | 1 (4.8) | 5 (4.3) | |
| Total energy (mean ± sd, kcal/day) | 1,495.0 ± 428.1 | 1,485.6 ± 906.4 | 0.96 | 1,493.3 ± 541.9 |
Data are presented as mean ± sd for continuous variables and count (percentage) for categorical variables. P-values are calculated from t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables