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. 2022 Jun 14;15:23. doi: 10.1186/s13039-022-00600-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Chromoanagenesis. A Chromothripsis: (a) A missegregated chromosome is encapsulated inside a micronucleus and suffers multiple double-strand breaks, leading to (b) the shattering of the chromosome. (c) The chromosome is reassembled by c-NHEJ or MMEJ and reincorporated in the nucleus. Deletions due to loss of DNA fragments can occur. B Chromoanasynthesis: (a) A chromosome undergoes (b) DNA segment re-synthesis in a process that involves FoSTeS or MMBIR, forming (c) a new chromosome, which can present inversions, deletions, duplications, and triplications. C Chromoplexy: (a) Different chromosomes suffer (b) double-strand breaks and, after recombination by NHEJ or MMEJ, (c) form chromosomes with translocations. Based on (59)