Table 2.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of critically ill patients undergoing antimicrobial dosing optimization through real-time ECPA-guided program
| Patient demographic | |
| Age (years) [median (IQR)] | 66.5 (56.0–75.0) |
| Gender (male/female) [n (%)] | 113/53 (68.1%/31.9%) |
| Body weight (kg) [median (IQR)] | 75.0 (62.0–85.0) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) [median (IQR)] | 25.7 (22.0–28.3) |
| CLCR (mL/min/1.73 m2)a [median (IQR)] | 55.0 (28.3–98) |
| Augmented renal clearance [n (%)] | 16 (9.6%) |
| Vasopressors requirement [n (%)] | 97 (58.4%) |
| Mechanical ventilation [n (%)] | 137 (82.5%) |
| CRRT [n (%)] | 44 (26.5%) |
| SOFA scorea [median (IQR)] | 8 (4–12) |
| Setting [n (%)] | |
| General ICU | 111 (66.9%) |
| Post-transplant ICU | 55 (33.1%) |
| Underlying disease for ICU admission [n (%)] | |
| Acute respiratory failure | 40 (24.1%) |
| Post-operatory sepsis | 34 (20.5%) |
| Septic shock | 29 (17.5%) |
| Abdominal perforation | 27 (16.3%) |
| Solid organ transplant | 11 (6.6%) |
| Hemorrhagic shock | 6 (3.6%) |
| Cardiac arrest | 5 (3.0%) |
| Other | 14 (8.4%) |
| Antimicrobial treatmentb [n (%)] | |
| Empirical | 131 (50.2%) |
| Targeted | 128 (49.0%) |
| Prophylaxis | 2 (0.8%) |
| Antimicrobial usedb [n (%)] | |
| Piperacillin–Tazobactam | 109 (41.8%) |
| Meropenem | 65 (24.9%) |
| Fluconazole | 23 (8.8%) |
| Linezolid | 20 (7.7%) |
| Levofloxacin | 18 (6.9%) |
| Ganciclovir | 8 (3.1%) |
| Ceftazidime | 8 (3.1%) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 5 (1.9%) |
| Voriconazole | 3 (1.1%) |
| Acyclovir | 2 (0.7%) |
| Clinical outcome [n (%)] | |
| ICU mortality rate | 33 (19.9%) |
aAt baseline
bOverall, 261 different antimicrobial treatments were implemented in included patients
Data are presented as median (IQR) for continuous variables and as n (%) for dichotomous variables