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. 2022 Jun 15;24:143. doi: 10.1186/s13075-022-02827-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — A–E Baseline inflammatory and peripheral blood CD4^pos subpopulations associated with remission achievement under CTLA4-Ig treatment in b-DMARDs naive RA. A Rate of naive to b-DMARDs RA achieving DAS remission at 6 months of treatment with CTLA4-Ig based on pre-treatment IL-6 serum levels. B Kaplan–Meier survival curve of naive to b-DMARDs RA achieving DAS remission at 6 months of treatment with CTLA4-Ig based on pre-treatment IL-6 serum levels. C Spearman correlation test between composite disease activity indices (i.e., DAS and CDAI, respectively) and peripheral blood CD4^posCD25^posFoxP3^pos cell rate in early naive to b-DMARDs RA at 6 months of treatment with CTLA4-Ig. D Rate of early naive to b-DMARDs RA achieving DAS remission at 6 months of treatment with CTLA4-Ig based on pre-treatment CD4^posCD25^posFoxP3^pos cells rate; p value was calculated using the chi-square test. E Rate of naive to b-DMARDs RA achieving DAS remission at 6 months of treatment with CTLA4-Ig based on pre-treatment IL-6 serum levels and/or CD4^posCD25^posFoxP3^pos cell rate. p values were calculated using the chi-square test; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; DAS, Disease Activity Score; CDAI, Composite Disease Activity Index; CD, cluster designation; b-DMARDs, biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs