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. 2022 Jun 15;78(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s41118-022-00168-4

Table 8.

Linear regression models on symmetry in the division of routine and instrumental housework tasks (5 items) (Z-score)

Overall Men Women
Coef S.E Coef S.E Coef S.E

Meetings with (grand)parents

(Ref. Daily)

 Living at home 0.298** (0.069) 0.279** (0.097) 0.318** (0.090)
 Weekly 0.072* (0.031) 0.072+ (0.043) 0.062 (0.042)
 Less than weekly 0.102** (0.039) 0.054 (0.053) 0.137** (0.053)
N. of grandparents 0.033* (0.016) 0.010 (0.022) 0.018 (0.021)
Age (Ref. 25–34)
 35–39 − 0.112* (0.046) − 0.193** (0.071) − 0.115* (0.057)
 40–44 − 0.097* (0.044) − 0.167* (0.067) − 0.146** (0.056)
 45–49 − 0.079+ (0.047) − 0.256** (0.068) − 0.089 (0.061)
 50–59 0.044 (0.053) − 0.168* (0.074) − 0.088 (0.077)
Region (Ref. North)
 Centre 0.029 (0.038) 0.062 (0.053) − 0.043 (0.052)
 South − 0.080* (0.032) − 0.089* (0.044) − 0.097* (0.043)
Education (Ref. Tertiary)
 Secondary − 0.064+ (0.037) − 0.022 (0.056) − 0.175** (0.047)
 Lower than secondary − 0.095* (0.041) − 0.017 (0.060) − 0.317** (0.055)
Employed 0.313** (0.058) 0.082 (0.101) 0.247** (0.072)
Working hours per week 0.005** (0.001) − 0.005* (0.002) 0.005* (0.002)
Employed partner 0.425** (0.064) 0.108 (0.083) 0.324** (0.111)
Partner working hours − 0.014** (0.001) 0.004+ (0.002) − 0.011** (0.002)
Hiring a housekeeper 0.374** (0.063) 0.290** (0.093) 0.443** (0.079)
Babysitter 0.178* (0.079) 0.232* (0.115) 0.074 (0.100)
N. of children − 0.050** (0.019) − 0.025 (0.026) − 0.017 (0.025)
Traditional family norms − 0.010** (0.003) − 0.012** (0.004) − 0.016** (0.004)
Constant − 0.596** (0.148) 0.184 (0.222) − 0.413* (0.192)
Observations 4858 2461 2397
R-squared 0.120 0.056 0.137

**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, +p < 0.1