Table 1.
Baseline Demographics of the Critical Care Cohort Compared With the Hospital Control Cohort
| Demographic | Hospital Cohort (n = 1,556) | Critical Care Cohort (n = 1,556) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 66 (60 to 70) | 66 (60 to 71) | .83 |
| Sex, male | 887 (57) | 899 (57.8) | .66 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 1,470 (94.5) | 1,472 (94.6) | .89 |
| Mixed | 14 (0.9) | 11 (0.7) | |
| Other South Asian | 8 (0.5) | 6 (0.4) | |
| Black | 24 (1.5) | 21 (1.3) | |
| Chinese | 6 (0.4) | a (0.2) | |
| Indian | 19 (1.2) | 24 (1.5) | |
| Pakistani | 7 (0.5) | 8 (0.5) | |
| Other | 8 (0.5) | 11 (0.7) | |
| Comorbidities (two or more) | 964 (62) | 943 (60.6) | .44 |
| Highest education attainment | .98 | ||
| College/university degree | 377 (24.2) | 374 (24) | |
| Other professional qualification | 245 (15.8) | 241 (15.5) | |
| A levels/AS levels | 101 (6.5) | 96 (6.2) | |
| NVQ/HND/HNC | 187 (12) | 186 (12) | |
| O levels/GCSEs/CSEs | 249 (16) | 265 (17) | |
| None of the above | 397 (25.5) | 394 (25.3) | |
| Townsend Index | −1.48 (−3.31 to 2.02) | −1.50 (−3.37 to 1.89) | .48 |
| Smoking status | .97 | ||
| Current | 287 (18.4) | 289 (18.6) | |
| Previous | 605 (38.9) | 610 (39.2) | |
| Never | 664 (42.7) | 657 (42.2) | |
| Days between assessment and critical care/hospital admission | 1,755 (943 to 2,397) | 1,718 (985 to 2,386) | .87 |
| Admission type, surgical | 1,360 (87.4) | 1,379 (88.6) | .29 |
| Admission type, emergency | 1,159 (74.5) | 1,113 (71.5) | .06 |
| Hospital length of stay, d | 8 (4-22) | 9 (4-21) | .04 |
| Social isolation | 13 (0.8) | 8 (0.5) | .27 |
| Nervousness | 369 (23.7) | 393 (25.3) | .32 |
| Employment status | .92 | ||
| Not defined | 18 (1.2) | 20 (1.3) | |
| Unable to work | 183 (11.7) | 191 (12.3) | |
| Vocational | 11 (0.7) | 13 (0.8) | |
| Purposeful | 1,344 (86.4) | 1,332 (85.6) | |
| FVC, L | 3.31 (2.68 to 3.98) | 3.33 (2.68 to 4.06) | .64 |
Values are No. (%), median (interquartile range), or as otherwise indicated. CSE = certificate of secondary education; HND = higher national diploma; HNC = higher national certificate; GCSE = general certificate of secondary education; Not defined = not answered or did not fit into any other category; NVQ = national vocational qualification; Purposeful = employed or retired; Unable to work = sickness/disability or unemployed; Vocational = doing unpaid or voluntary work or student.
a
Denotes a value of less than five.