Table 4A.
Effect of glutamatergic interventions on intrinsic connectivity networks.
| Glutamatergic compound | References | DMN | AN | RN | CEN | SN | SMN | CAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketamine | Abdallah et al. (131) | ↓ mPFC/DMPFC ↔ DLPFC | ↓ sgACC ↔ DLPFC | – | ↑ right DLPFC ↓ DLPFC ↔ sgACC ↓ DLPFC ↔ mPFC/DMPFC |
– | ↓ left CBM | – |
| Abdallah et al. (132) | ↑ bilateral mPFC/DMPFC | – | – | ↑ right DLPFC | – | – | – | |
| Abdallah et al. (133) | ↑ DMPFC | – | – | ↑ DLPFC | – | – | – | |
| Carlson et al. (134) | ↑left _ _ _IPL | ↑right _ _ _ _ _AMYG _↓right _ _INS _ _↓bilateral _ _ _ _vACC _↓ left_ _ _ _ _AMYG |
↓right _ _ _LHb | ↓right _ _ _ _ _DLPFC | ↓right _ _AI | ↑right _ _S1 | ↑right _ _ _ _ _AMYG _↓right _ _INS _ _↓left _ _ _ _ _AMYG |
|
| Chen et al. (135) | ↑right anterior LTL ↔ right dACC
↓ left MTL ↔ right dACC ↓ left mPFC ↔ right dACC ↓ right mPFC/frontal pole ↔ right DLPFC |
↓ right vACC/sgACC ↔ left dACC | – | ↓ right DLPFC ↔ right mPFC/frontal pole ↑right DLPFC ↔ left SPL ↓ right SPL ↔ left dACC ↓ left SPL ↔ right dACC |
↓ left dACC ↔ right vACC/sgACC ↑right dACC ↔ right anterior LTL ↓ left dACC ↔ right SPL ↓ right and left dACC ↔ left M1 ↓ right dACC ↔ left MTL ↓ right dACC ↔ left mPFC ↓ right dACC ↔ left SPL |
↓ left M1 ↔ left and right dACC | – | |
| Chen et al. (136) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Downey et al. (137) | ↑rACC
↑right PCC ↑bilateral LTL |
↑vACC/sgACC | ↑bilateral CN | – | ↑bilateral dACC | ↑bilateral TH
↑bilateral CN ↑bilateral CBM ↑bilateral BS |
↑bilateral BS | |
| Evans et al. (138) | ↑PCC ↔ right INS
↑PCC ↔ M1 ↑PCC ↔ S1 ↑PCC ↔ TH |
↑right INS ↔ PCC | – | – | ↑right AI ↔ PCC | ↑M1 ↔ PCC
↑S1 ↔ PCC ↑TH ↔ PCC |
↑right INS ↔ PCC | |
| Gärtner et al. (139) | – | ↑sgACC ↔ right DLPFC | – | ↑ right DLPFC ↔ sgACC | – | – | – | |
| Gilbert et al. (140) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Kraus et al. (141) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Lally et al. (142) | – | ↑right _ _ _ _HPC ↓ mOFC |
↓mOFC | – | ↑dACC | – | – | |
| Li et al. (143) | – | ↓parahippocampus | – | – | ↑dACC | ↑SMA ↑ TH |
– | |
| Loureiro et al. (144) | – | ↓right and left AMYG
↑ INS |
– | ↑right DLPFC | ↑AI | – | ↓right and left AMYG
↑ INS |
|
| Loureiro et al. (145) | – | – | – | ↓ CEN ↔ CBM | ↓ SN ↔ CBM |
↓ CBM ↔ SMN
↓ CBM ↔ CEN ↓ CBM ↔ SN |
– | |
| McMillan et al. (146) | ↓mPFC
_ ↑ LTL _ ↑ PCC _↑ PCu |
↓sgACC
↓HPC ↓right AMYG ↑right INS |
↑right CN | – | ↑dACC | ↓S1
↓ M1 |
↑right INS | |
| Mkrtchian et al. (147) | – | ↑mOFC ↔ ventral rostral Pu |
↑ dorsal CN ↔ right ventrolateral PFC
↑ dorsal caudal Pu ↔ pgACC ↑ventral striatum ↔ left DLPFC ↑mOFC ↔ ventral rostral Pu |
↑left DLPFC ↔ ventral striatum | – | ↑ventral rostral Pu ↔ mOFC
↑ dorsal CN ↔ right ventrolateral PFC ↑ dorsal caudal Pu ↔ pgACC ↑ventral striatum ↔ left DLPFC |
– | |
| Morris et al. (148) | – | ↓sgACC | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Murrough et al. (149) | ↑DMN ↔ right CN | ↑AN ↔ right CN | ↑right CN
↑right CN ↔ DMN/AN |
– | – | ↑right CN
↑right CN ↔ DMN/AN |
– | |
| Nakamura et al. (150) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Nemati et al. (151) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Nugent et al. (152) | – | ↓right AMYG ↔left insulo-temporalareas ↓ sgACC ↔ precentral gyrus | – | – | – | – | ↓ right AMYG ↔ left insulo-temporal areas | |
| Reed et al. (153) | ↓ left LTL | – | – | ↓right DLPFC | ↓dACC | ↑CBM | – | |
| Reed et al. (154) | ↓mPFC ↓PCC/PCu |
↓INS | – | – | ↓AI | – | ↓INS | |
| Roy et al. (155) | – | – | ↑ right NAc | – | – | – | – | |
| Sahib et al. (156) | ↑PCC
↑ PCu |
↓right INS
↓bilateral HPC |
– | – | ↓right AI | – | ↓right INS | |
| Sahib et al. (157) | ↓IPL
↓within-network (right) |
– | – | ↓DLPFC
↓SPL ↓within-network (right) |
↓within-network (right) | ↑SMA
↓right CBM |
– | |
| Sahib et al. (158) | – | – | ↓ BG ↔ CBM | – | ↓ SN ↔ CBM |
↓ CBM ↔ SN
↓ BG ↔ CBM |
– | |
| Salvadore et al. (159) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Salvadore et al. (160) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Siegel et al. (161) |
↓ within-network
↓ DMN ↔ bilateral sgACC |
↓ bilateral sgACC ↔ DMN
↑sgACC ↔ bilateral caudal ACC ↑sgACC ↔ bilateral AI ↓ within limbic system (AMYG, anterior TH, and anterior HPC, NAc) |
↓ within limbic system (AMYG, anterior TH, and anterior HPC, NAc) | – | ↑bilateral AI ↔ sgACC | ↓ within limbic system (AMYG, anterior TH, and anterior HPC, NAc) | ↓ within limbic system (AMYG, anterior TH, and anterior HPC, NAc) | |
| Sterpenich et al. (162) | – | ↓AMYG
↓INS (emotion task) ↑INS (reward task) ↑ mOFC |
↑mOFC
↑ventral striatum ↑ VTA/SNc |
– | ↓dACC
↑AI (reward task) |
↑ventral striatum
↑ VTA/SNc |
↓AMYG
↓INS (emotion task) ↑INS (reward task) |
|
| Thai et al. (163) | ↓PCC/PCu | ↓left and right HPC/left and right AMYG/ACC ↑right HPC (congruent positive) | ↓left and right NAc | – | – | – | ↓left and right HPC/left and right AMYG/ACC | |
| Tiger et al. (164) | – | ↑ HPC* | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Vasavada et al. (165) | – |
↓ AMYG ↔ left CEN (24 h)
↑ right HPC ↔ left CEN (24 h) ↑ AMYG ↔ left CEN (24–48 h) ↑ right AMYG ↔ right CEN ↑ right HPC ↔ left CEN (24–48 h) ↓ left AMYG ↔ SN (24–48 h) |
– |
↓ left CEN ↔ AMYG (24 h)
↑ left CEN ↔ right HPC (24 h) ↑ left CEN ↔ AMYG (24–48 h) ↑ right CEN ↔ right AMYG ↑ left CEN ↔ right HPC (24–48 h) |
↓ SN ↔ left AMYG (24-48 h) | – |
↓ AMYG ↔ left CEN (24 h)
↑ AMYG ↔ left CEN (24–48 h) ↑ right AMYG ↔ right CEN ↓ left AMYG ↔ SN (24–48 h) |
|
| Wang et al. (166) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Memantine | Kilpatrick et al. (167) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| D-cycloserine | Cole et al. (168) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nitrous oxide | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4-chlorokynurenine | Park et al. (169) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lanicemine | Abdallah et al. (133) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Downey et al. (137) | ↑rACC
↑right PCC |
↑vACC/sgACC | ↑bilateral CN | – | ↑bilateral dACC | ↑bilateral TH
↑bilateral CN ↑bilateral BS |
↑bilateral BS |
ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AI, anterior insula; AMYG, amygdala; AN, ventromedial affective network; BG, basal ganglia; BS, brainstem; CAN, frontovagal central autonomic network; CBM, cerebellum; CEN, frontoparietal central executive network; CN, caudate nucleus; dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; DMN, default mode network; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; HPC, hippocampus; INS, insula; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; LHb, lateral habenula; LTL, lateral temporal lobe; M1, primary motor cortex; mOFC, medial orbitofrontal cortex; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; MTL, medial temporal lobe; NAc, nucleus accumbens; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; PCu, precuneus; PFC, prefrontal cortex; pgACC, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex; Pu, putamen; rACC, rostral anterior cingulate cortex; RN, ventral frontostriatal reward network; S1, primary somatosensory cortex; sgACC, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area; SMN, frontocerebellar sensorimotor network; SN, anterior cinguloinsular salience network; SNc, substantia nigra pars compacta; SPL, superior parietal lobule; TH, thalamus; vACC, ventral anterior cingulate cortex; VTA, ventral tegmental area.
Asterisks, serotonin (5-HT1B) receptor binding; bold, blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response; bold italics, cerebral blood flow; dotted underline, glucose metabolism; double underline, entropy; italics, functional connectivity; italics underlined, magnetoencephalographic (MEG) connectivity; no formatting, global brain connectivity (GBC). ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; ↔, functional connectivity between two brain regions.