TABLE 2.

Auxiliary (Aux) factors: mutations reduce β-lactam resistance

Gene/operon	SAOUHSC	Functional class	Function	Reference(s)
glmS	02399	Intracellular PG synthesis	Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase	78
glmM (femD)	02405	Intracellular PG synthesis	Phosphoglucosamine mutase	84
murA	01146	Intracellular PG synthesis	Transferase; converts UDP-GlcNAc to UDP-GlcNAc-enoylpyruvate	78
murB	00752	Intracellular PG synthesis	Reductase; converts UDP-GlcNAc-enoylpyruvate to UDP-MurNAc	78
murC	01856	Intracellular PG synthesis	UDP-N-acetylmuramate-l-alanine ligase	78
murD	01147	Intracellular PG synthesis	UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine-d-glutamate ligase	78
murE	00954	Intracellular PG synthesis	Catalyses incorporation of lysine into the peptide stem	78, 159
murF	02317	Intracellular PG synthesis	UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide-d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase	78
femX (fmhB)	02527	Intracellular PG synthesis	Addition of the first glycine to the peptide stem	78, 81
femA	01373	Intracellular PG synthesis	Addition of the 2nd and 3rd glycine to the peptide stem	82
femB	01374	Intracellular PG synthesis	Addition of the 4th and 5th glycine to the peptide stem	83
murT	02107	Intracellular PG synthesis	Mur ligase homolog	78, 160
glyS	01666	Intracellular PG synthesis	Glycine tRNA synthetase	78
murJ	01871	Extracellular PG synthesis	Lipid II translocase	161
pbp1 (pbpA)	01145	Extracellular PG synthesis	PBP with transpeptidase activity	78
pbp2	01467	Extracellular PG synthesis	PBP with transpeptidase and transglycosylase activity	89
pbp4	00646	Extracellular PG synthesis	PBP with transpeptidase activity	90
ftsW	01063	Extracellular PG synthesis	Transglycosylase	78
tarO	00762	Cell wall synthesis	Forms 1st precursor in WTA synthesis	162
tarA	00640	Cell wall synthesis	Forms 2nd intermediate in WTA synthesis	52
tarB	00643	Cell wall synthesis	Forms 3rd intermediate in WTA synthesis	52
tarD	00645	Cell wall synthesis	Involved in WTA synthesis	52
tarL	00227	Cell wall synthesis	Polyribitol-phosphate extension of WTA	78
tarI	00225	Cell wall synthesis	WTA synthesis	52
tarS	00228	Cell wall synthesis	Glycosyltransferase	92
ltaS	00728	Cell wall synthesis	Lipoteichoic acid synthase	54
fmtB (mrp)	02404	Cell wall synthesis	Cell surface protein	57
ftsA	01149	Cell division	Divisome component	78
ftsZ	01150	Cell division	Divisome component	78
glnR	01285	Regulation and cell signaling	Glutamine synthetase repressor	55
fmtA	00998	Regulation and cell signaling	Membrane protein	58
fmtC (mprF)	01359	Regulation and cell signaling	Lysinylation of membrane phosphatidylglycerol	58
prsS	00200	Regulation and cell signaling	ECF sigma factor	116
sigB	02298	Regulation and cell signaling	Transcription factor	112
sarA	00620	Regulation and cell signaling	Accessory regulator A	114
pknB	01187	Regulation and cell signaling	Eukaryotic-like serine/threonine kinase	54, 114
vraSR	02098/9	Regulation and cell signaling	Two-component signal transduction sensor of cell wall stress	99
spsB	00903	Protein secretion	Signal peptidase I	78
prsA	01972	Protein folding and stabilization	Required for posttranslational maturation of PBP2A	106
htrA1	01838	Protein folding and stabilization	Required for posttranslational maturation of PBP2A, acts in synergy with PrsA	107
hmrA	02374	Protein stability	Endopeptidase	56, 117
hmrB	01201	Metabolism	Homologue of acyl carrier protein	56
gatD	02106	Metabolism	Glutamine amidotransferase	160
sucC	01216	Posttranslational modification	β subunit of succinyl-coenzyme A synthetase	97
sucD	01218	Pos-translational modification	α subunit of succinyl-coenzyme A synthetase	97
cycA	01803	Transport	Putative amino acid permease gene	74, 163
auxA	01025	Hypothetical protein	Putative transmembrane transporter protein	96
auxB	01050	Hypothetical protein	Putative transmembrane protein	96