FIG. 1:

Representative evaluation methods of exoskeletons illustrated in three categories: (a) in vitro approach using the instrumented human-shaped body dummy (reprinted from Nabesima et al. with permission from IEEE, copyright 2018)⁷; (b) in vivo approach using human subject testing (reprinted from Maurice et al. with permission from IEEE, copyright 2020)¹¹; and (c) in silico approach using biomechanical modeling (reproduced from Tröster et al. under a Creative Commons License)⁴⁸