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. 2022 May 26;4:872084. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.872084

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Copyright © 2022 Kawakubo and Oguchi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differences in total PERMA scores between groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. The error bars represent standard errors of measurement. Time 1: before the vacation, Time 2: immediately following the vacation, Time 3: 1 month after the vacation.