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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Biol. 2018 Dec 30;446(2):193–205. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.11.024

Figure 1. Evolutionary history of gld-1 and fog-2 in Caenorhabditis nematodes.

Figure 1.

A phylogeny (modified from Kiontke et al., 2011) showing the convergent evolution of selfing in the Elegans group species of Caenorhabditis. Derived aspects of tra-2 regulation in C. elegans are depicted in cartoon form. The GLD-1-tra-2 mRNA regulation was strengthened in XX hermaphrodites by 1) multimerization of GLD-1 binding elements in the tra-2 mRNA’s 3’-untranslated region, or UTR (Beadell et al., 2011), and 2) recruiting the novel cofactor FOG-2 (Nayak et al., 2005). The convergently evolved hermaphrodite C. briggsae lacks these two features, and uses GLD-1 to opposite effect in germline sex determination (Beadell et al., 2011; Nayak et al., 2005).