Table 1. Explanatory predictors by category included in Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition models.

See Materials and Methods section for measurement details on each item.

Category	Explanatory factors
Human capital	STEM field (life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, computer science, engineering, other)
	Highest degree
	Tenure in employing organization
Background characteristics	Age
	Whether born in the United States
	Parents’ highest level of education
Job characteristics	Employment sector (industry, university or college, government, nonprofit, primary or secondary education, and other)
	Employer size
	Extent that respondent’s job is related to their highest degree
	Primary job responsibility—core technical versus noncore technical
	Supervisory responsibilities
	Whether they primarily work in teams
Work effort and attitudes	Average hours worked per week
	Willing to put in extra effort beyond what is required of job
	Personally care about fate of organization
	Whether their work is an important part of their identity
Family responsibilities	Has young or school-aged children
	Has primary responsibility for childcare
	Has eldercare responsibilities