Table 3. Bivariate crude odds ratios for variables associated with increased odds of developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or related complications.
| Variable | N(%) or mean (SD) without PDR (N = 582) | N (%) or mean(SD) with PDR or related complications (N = 147) | Odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosed with kidney disorder due to diabetes (those with diagnosis vs. those without diagnosis of kidney disorder due to diabetes) | 96 (16.49%) | 42 (28.57%) | 2.03 (1.32–3.07) | <0.01 |
| Number of eye doctor visits in the past 12 months | 0.64 (1.18) | 1.28 (1.7) | 1.35 (1.20–1.52) | <0.01 |
| Skipped medication to save money** | 55 (9.45%) | 27 (18.37%) | 2.16 (1.29–3.53) | 0.0027 |
| Delayed care due to lack of transportation** | 74 (12.71%) | 32 (21.77%) | 1.91 (1.19–3.01) | 0.006 |
| Took less medication to save money** | 54 (9.28%) | 24 (16.33%) | 1.91 (1.12–3.17) | 0.015 |
| Delayed care due to caregiver responsibilities** | <20* | <20* | 3.18 (1.12–8.69) | 0.02 |
| Age (years) | 65.35 (11.17) | 63.11 (12.21) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.034 |
| Delayed care due to having to pay out of pocket** | 66 (11.34%) | 26 (17.69%) | 1.68 (1.01–2.73) | 0.04 |
| Delayed care due to living in a rural area where distance to the health care provider is too far** | 26 (4.47%) | <20* | 2.07 (1.01–4.07) | 0.04 |
| Mean creatinine value | 1.21 (1.23) | 1.48 (1.64) | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) | 0.04 |
| Delayed care due to differences in race, religion, or language between patient and provider** | 423 (72.68%) | 122 (82.99%) | 1.18 (1.01–1.37) | 0.04 |
* In accordance with All of Us data sharing policies, counts less than 20 are unable to be reported; counts and percentages may not add up as expected due to counts <20 being assigned the value 20 in order to decrease the risk of identification in this cohort.
**These categorical variables were derived from All of Us surveys, so corresponding values in the cells indicate the number and percentage of individuals indicating a “yes” response to these survey items. The crude odds ratios describe the odds of developing PDR or related complications associated with “yes” responses to each variable.