Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jun 15;11:e74539. doi: 10.7554/eLife.74539

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022, Medley, Persons et al

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 5. — To analyze changes in redox metabolism in cave populations, we compared the abundance of potent antioxidants and redox-linked metabolites. Metabolites are plotted as mTIC-normalized peak intensities (A,B,C, error bars indicate 2.5/97.5 percentiles). Asterisks indicate significance at the 0.05 level according to an O-PLS / Bayesian logistic regression (Methods) for Pachón vs surface, Tinaja vs surface, and Pachón vs Tinaja. (A) Ascorbate (vitamin C) is a potent antioxidant and essential nutrient. Vitamin C exists as the reduced form ascorbic acid (AA) and oxidized form dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), which can interconverted by cellular processes. (B) Glutathione, another antioxidant, is significantly increased in the liver and brain under 30-day fasting. Alpha-ketoglutarate is a tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediate that has been linked to longevity in nematodes and mice (Chin et al., 2014; Asadi Shahmirzadi et al., 2020). (C) Nicotinamide is a precursor to NAD+ synthesis via a salvage pathway, and increased in the liver but decreased in other tissues in cavefish. Orotic acid is a metabolite that causes fatty liver disease in rats when added to a chow diet.

Figure 5—figure supplement 1. — To analyze changes in redox metabolism in cave populations, we compared the abundance of potent antioxidants and redox-linked metabolites. Metabolites are plotted as mTIC-normalized peak intensities (A,B,C, error bars indicate 2.5/97.5 percentiles). Asterisks indicate significance at the 0.05 level according to an O-PLS / Bayesian logistic regression (Methods) for Pachón vs surface, Tinaja vs surface, and Pachón vs Tinaja. (A) Ascorbate (vitamin C) is a potent antioxidant and essential nutrient. Vitamin C exists as the reduced form ascorbic acid (AA) and oxidized form dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), which can interconverted by cellular processes. (B) Glutathione, another antioxidant, is significantly increased in the liver and brain under 30-day fasting. Alpha-ketoglutarate is a tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediate that has been linked to longevity in nematodes and mice (Chin et al., 2014; Asadi Shahmirzadi et al., 2020). (C) Nicotinamide is a precursor to NAD+ synthesis via a salvage pathway, and increased in the liver but decreased in other tissues in cavefish. Orotic acid is a metabolite that causes fatty liver disease in rats when added to a chow diet.