Effect of increasing concentrations of tested pesticides on seedling germination efficiency, vigor index, radicle and plumule length of V. radiata seedlings germinated in vitroa.
| Treatment/pesticides | Concentration (μg mL−1) | Number of seeds plated | Germination efficiency (%) | Radicle length (cm) | Plumule length (cm) | Whole plant length (cm) | Seedling vigor index (SVI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 0 | 10 | 100 | 11.6 ± 2.4 (a) | 10.0 ± 2.0 (a) | 21.6 ± 4.4 (a) | 1875 ± 21.3 (a) |
| Carbendazim | 25 | 10 | 85 | 8.2 ± 1.4 (d) | 7.2 ± 0.8 (d) | 15.4 ± 2.2 (c) | 1504 ± 17.7 (c) |
| 50 | 10 | 70 | 6.4 ± 2.0 (e) | 6.1 ± 0.7 (e) | 12.5 ± 2.7 (d) | 1413 ± 12.0 (d) | |
| 100 | 10 | 54 | 4.5 ± 0.9 (f) | 4.2 ± 0.4 (g) | 8.7 ± 1.3 (f) | 1116 ± 29.5 (e) | |
| 200 | 10 | 30 | 2.3 ± 0.3 (g) | 2.0 ± 0.1 (h) | 4.3 ± 0.4 (h) | 778 ± 13.9 (g) | |
| 500 | 10 | 0 | 00 ± 00 (h) | 00 ± 00 (i) | 00 ± 00 (i) | 00 ± 00 (h) | |
| Metalaxyl | 25 | 10 | 90 | 10.0 ± 1.6 (b) | 8.9 ± 1.1 (b) | 18.8 ± 2.7 (b) | 1684 ± 20.6 (c) |
| 50 | 10 | 80 | 9.5 ± 2.4 (c) | 8.0 ± 0.7 (c) | 17.5 ± 3.1 (b) | 1563 ± 18.4 (c) | |
| 100 | 10 | 70 | 8.3 ± 0.9 (d) | 6.3 ± 0.8 (e) | 14.9 ± 1.7 (d) | 1421 ± 19.5 (d) | |
| 200 | 10 | 55 | 6.0 ± 0.7 (e) | 5.0 ± 0.6 (f) | 11.0 ± 1.3 (e) | 1271 ± 13.8 (e) | |
| 500 | 10 | 40 | 4.4 ± 0.4 (f) | 3.6 ± 0.5 (g) | 8.0 ± 0.9 (f) | 956 ± 14.0 (f) | |
| Tebuconazole | 25 | 10 | 95 | 9.0 ± 1.8 (c) | 9.5 ± 1.3 (b) | 18.5 ± 3.1 (b) | 1714 ± 25.0 (b) |
| 50 | 10 | 85 | 7.5 ± 1.4 (d) | 8.5 ± 0.8 (c) | 16.0 ± 2.2 (c) | 1613 ± 23.0 (c) | |
| 100 | 10 | 75 | 6.4 ± 0.5 (e) | 6.9 ± 1.1 (d) | 12.4 ± 1.6 (d) | 1467 ± 17.7 (c) | |
| 200 | 10 | 65 | 4.0 ± 0.5 (f) | 5.8 ± 0.8 (f) | 9.8 ± 1.3 (f) | 1231 ± 18.2 (e) | |
| 500 | 10 | 50 | 2.5 ± 0.3 (g) | 3.9 ± 0.4 (g) | 6.4 ± 0.7 (g) | 1046 ± 17.0 (f) | |
| LSD (p ≤ 0.05) F value | — | — | 27.4 | 4.07 | 2.69 | 2.87 | 19.43 |
| — | — | 9.72 | 6.78 | 22.3 | 21.8 | 18.5 |
a
Each value is a mean of independent replicated experiments done in triplicate (mean ± SD). Mean values (±) are significant at p ≤ 0.05. Means denoted by different letters are significantly different from each other according to Duncan's multiple range (DMRT) test.