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. 2022 Jun 15;12:9936. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14201-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Metabolic levels of steroid hormones measured by HPLC–MS/MS in human follicular fluid. The graphs show kinds of hormone concentrations in human follicular fluid between high and low glutamine (Gln) level groups, including estriol (A), 17β-estradiol (B), progesterone (D), methyl testosterone (E), (D)-norgestrel (F), 19-nortestosterone (G), epitestosterone (H) and methoxy progesterone (I). (C) The column chart shows the concentration of testosterone in the follicular fluid in the two groups, which was measured by a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Data represent the mean values ± standard error of the mean (mean ± SEM). High Gln level group, n = 14; Low Gln level group, n = 13. All indicated P values were determined by Student's t-test. *P value < 0.05; ***P value < 0.001.