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. 2022 Jun 15;12:9936. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14201-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of glutamine (Gln) and norepinephrine (NE) on the function of granulosa cells in vitro (A) Immunofluorescent staining of EdU and DAPI in KGN cells for proliferation analysis. (B) The column chart shows EdU-positive cells per 100 cells in different treatment groups. (C,D) Column displays the concentrations of E2 and Prog in the conditioned medium from different treatments of KGN cells. (E–G) Evaluation of the expression of IDH1 and PCNA protein in different treatment groups by western blotting. All indicated P values were determined by one-way analysis of variance. *P value < 0.05; **P value < 0.01; ****P value < 0.0001.