Fig. 1. Outline of the study and the six molecular subtypes identified based on DNA alterations in tumor samples from smoldering myeloma patients.

A Flowchart of analyses was performed in this study. Clusters were generated based on the tumor genetic alterations from DNA sequencing data, then they were analyzed for correlations with transcriptomic and clinical data. This flowchart was created with BioRender.com. B Identification of groups of tumors with corresponding genetic events. Binary matrix factorization consensus clustering was performed using somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations, and translocations from 214 SMM tumor samples (columns). Clusters HL1–4, TL1, and TL2 with their associated landmark genetic alterations are visualized (boxed for each cluster). Genetic alterations that were positively associated with each cluster were identified by a one-sided Fisher test and ranked by significance (Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p value < 0.1, red line, bar graph to the right). C Summary table of the six subtypes identified with selected enriched genetic features.