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. 2022 Jun 15;12:9371. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13568-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spatial pattern of the Arctic warming and sea ice decline. (a)–(d) show trends in annual SAT (°C/decade) during the 1981–2020 period derived from various reanalyses sources (see Methods) that have been widely used for the Arctic: (a) NCEP-reanalysis, (b) MERRA-2, (c) JRA55 and d) ERA5. (e), (f) show annual trends in SIC (%/decade) and SST (°C/decade) (EUMETSAT OSI SAF, C3S/ESA SST CCI). The Barents study area is marked with dotted lines. We used the esd R-package (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.29385) to create the maps in (a–d). The maps in (e–f) were generated using Python 3.6 (http://www.python.org) including pyresample 1.19 and cartopy 0.18.