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. 2022 Jun 15;12:9961. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14000-8

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ECG-derived VCG extraction algorithm and calculation of instantaneous vector voltage and speed kinetics. (a) Raw ECG data is loaded into the program as input. (b) Kors transformation matrix is applied to the raw data. (c) Peaks are identified along the voltage (spatial vector magnitude) over time signal. (d) Patient mean depolarization signal (peak-aligned) limits are identified by a custom adaptive threshold method. (e) VCG extraction (colour bar representing time in ms). (f) Instantaneous voltage and speed signals over time are obtained. The figure was created using MATLAB R2019b (https://www.mathworks.com/).