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. 2022 Jun 6;8(6):e09687. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09687

Table 2.

Construct measurement.

Construct Item No. Items
Constructivist Pedagogical Beliefs CPB1 “Learning means students have full opportunities to explore, discuss and express their ideas.”
CPB2 “Every student is unique or special and deserves an education tailored to his or her particular needs.”
CPB3 “It is important that a teacher understands the feelings of the students.”
CPB4 “Good teachers always encourage students to think for answers themselves.
CPB5 “In good classrooms, there is a democratic and free atmosphere which stimulates students to think and interact.”
Traditional Pedagogical beliefs TPB1 “During the class, it is important to keep students confined to the textbooks and the desks.”
TPB2 “Learning to teach simply means practising the ideas from lecturers without questioning them.”
TPB3 “Teaching is simply telling, presenting, or explaining the subject matter.”
TPB4 “Good teaching occurs when there is mostly teacher talk in the classroom.”
TPB5 “Teaching is to provide students with accurate and complete knowledge rather than encourage them to discover it.”
Perceived Usefulness PU1 “Using LMS for work enables me to accomplish tasks more quickly.”
PU2 “Using LMS for work improve my job performance.”
PU3 “Using LMS for work increases my job productivity.”
PU4 “Using LMS for work enhances my effectiveness.”
PU5 “LMS for work is useful in my job.”
Perceived Ease of Use PEOU1 “Learning how to use LMS is easy.”
PEOU2 “My interaction with LMS is clear and understandable.”
PEOU3 “I find LMS to be very flexible.”
PEOU4 “I find it easy to get LMS to do the work I want it to do.”
PEOU5 “Overall, I find that LMS is easy to use”
Moodle LMS usage US1 Currently, I use LMS in my teaching and learning process
US2 I use LMS more than any other educational technologies?
US3 I use LMS to upload course materials?
US4 I use assessment tools (quiz or test) inside LMS?
US5 I use communicating tools (discussion) inside LMS?