. 2022 Jun 2;10:868274. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.868274

Table 3.

Baseline characteristics of a sampled household before intervention.

Variables	Households' status CBHI		Total (n = 531)	t-test/ x²
	Uninsured n = 356 (67%)	Insured n = 175 (33%)
Sex of household head (Male)^a	310 (87.0%)	165 (94.0%)	488 (92.0%)	5.74
Educational level of household head (able to read and write)^a	142 (39.8%)	76 (44.0%)	218 (41.0%)	19.94^***
Educational level of household head [primary school (1–8)]^a	112 (31.0%)	56 (32.0%)	168 (31.6)
The educational level of household head (secondary school and above)^a	30 (8.5%)	16 (9.1%)	46 (8.6%)
Credit (Access of credit)^a	110 (31.0%)	58 (33.1%)	168 (31.6%)	12.36^**
Marital Status (Married)^a	288 (81.0%)	151 (86.0%)	439 (82.6%)	1.63^***
Marital Status (Divorced)^a	31 (8.7%)	14 (8.0%)	45 (8.40%)
Marital Status (Windowed)^a	28 (7.8%)	7 (4.0%)	35 (6.6%)
Chronic disease in the household (Present)^a	117 (33.0%)	65 (37.0%)	183 (34.2%)	2.52
Insurance premium (Somewhat affordable)^a	85 (23.9%)	57 (32.5%)	142 (26.7%)	9.56^**
Insurance premium (easily affordable)^a	202 (57.0%)	102 (58.2%)	304 (57.2%)
Awareness about CBHI^a	281 (79.0%)	144 (82.2%)	425 (80%)	1.56
The presence of child <18 years^a	210 (59.0%)	108 (61.7%)	318 (59.8%)	7.01^**
The presence of young higher than 64 years^a	35 (10.0%)	23 (13.0%)	58 (10.9%)	3.24
Age of household head^b	42 (0.86)	44 (0.64)	42.9 (0.74)	4.88^***
Household size^b	6.2 (0.21)	7 (0.12)	6.5 (0.18)	1.77
Distance to nearest health service^b	12 (0.19)	10 (0.29)	11 (0.23)	6.55^***
Health service waiting time^b	2.3 (0.74)	1.2 (0.10)	1.6 (0.14)	3.66^***
Household food expenditure^b	6,363 (62.07)	7,872 (67.25)	6,860 (236)	5.69^**
Household non-food expenditure^b	4,039 (47.65)	6,008 (56.32)	4,688 (352)	9.63^***
Household health expenditure^b	3,012 (30.29)	2,628 (40.28)	2,885 (587)	8.52^***

^“a” expressed in number (frequency) and ^“b” expressed mean (SD).

^*** and ^** denote 1 and 5 levels of significance.

Source: Own computation, 2022.