Table 1.

Maternal cytokines/chemokines and maternal autoantibody targets implicated in ASD.

Cytokines/chemokines	Sample source	Reference
IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-7A, IFN-γ	Maternal serum collected mid-gestation	(25, 26, 28)
IL-4, IL-10 MCP-1 TNF-α, TNF-β	Amniotic fluid	(27, 32)
Target antigen	Protein function
CRMP1, CRMP2, STIP1, YBOX	Microtubule dynamics, protein chaperone, transcription factor	(12–14, 42–44)
LDH-A, LDH-B, GDA, NSE	Metabolic enzymes	(14–16, 37–41)
CASPR2	Cell adhesion	(45, 52)