TABLE 3.

Reported synergetic effects of inhibiting proliferation or inhibiting tumor growth

Herb formulations	Evidence	Dosage of tamoxifen	Dosage of herb	Effects	Suggested mechanism
Tangeretin	MCF-7/6 cell lines (Bracke et al., 1999)	1 µM	0.1 mM	Inhibit proliferation	-
Genistein	MCF-7, MDA-231, MDA-435 cell lines (Tanos et al., 2002)	0.1, 1 µM	1.0–10 mg/ml	Inhibit proliferation	-
Canola oil	MCF-7 and T47D cell lines (Cho et al., 2010)	10 μM	1 mM	Inhibit proliferation	-
EGCG	MCF-7 cell lines (Sakata et al., 2011)	0.001–1 µM	0.01–10 µM	Inhibit proliferation	-
HP03	MCF-7 cell lines (Chang et al., 2018)	6.4 μM	10.30,100 μg/ml	Inhibit proliferation	Downregulate Psen2, PGR, CTSD mRNA expression
SHD	MCF-7 cell lines (Xu et al., 2016)	3 μg/ml	2 mg/ml	Inhibit cell growth and induct apoptosis	Downregulate Aurora A
GbE	SD rats injected with MNU (Dias et al., 2013)	10 mg/kg i.g.	100 mg/kg i.p.	Reduce tumor area and increase tumor necrosis area	-
SDG and FO	Ovariectomized BALB/c, nu/nu athymic mice (Saggar et al., 2010)	5 mg pellet, subcutaneously inoculated	FO (38.5 g/kg diet), SDG (1 g/kg in diet)	Inhibit tumor growth	Downregulate estrogen-sensitive gene CD1, PGR, ER-a, ER-b, PS2 mRNA expression levels, growth factor signaling gene EGFR, IGF-1R, BCL2, VEGF, HER2 mRNA expression levels, PMAPK, PAKT, AIBI, PHER2 protein expression levels
Hes, Pip, and BV	MCF-7 and T47D cell lines (Khamis et al., 2018)	-	-	Increase apoptosis, arrest cell cycle in G2/M, and G0/G1 phase	Upregulate Bax mRNA level, downregulate Bcl2 mRNA level, decrease the two breast cancer-related receptors, EGFR and ERα mRNA
Persin	MCF-7 and T47D cell lines (Roberts et al., 2007)	10 nmol/L 4-OHT	2.76 μmol/L	Increases apoptosis	Downregulate ERα mRNA level, upregulate Bim mRNA level
Huaier	MCF-7 and T47D cell lines (Qi et al., 2016)	10 μM	4 mg/ml	Induce autophagy and apoptosis	Suppress the AKT/mTOR pathway