TABLE 6.
Reported evidence of reducing anti-cancer effects.
| Herb | Evidence | Dosage of tamoxifen | Dosage of herb | Effects | Suggested mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xanthorrhizol | BALB/c athymic female nude mice (Noomhorm et al., 2014) | 4.6 mg/kg mice/2 days | 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg | Increased tumor volumes, a larger tumor size | Upregulate protein expression of P38 and P27 (Kip1) |
| SWT a | MCF-7-implanted athymic nude mice (Chen et al., 2013) | 2.3 mg/kg | 4.255 g/kg | Reversed Tam-induced anti-proliferative effects on tumor weight and tumor volume | Increase ERα and N-cadherin expression, upregulate ERK, AKT, P38, p27 (Kip1) level |
| BZT b | Female nude and male ICR mice (Li et al., 2019) | 4 mg/kg | 2, 9 g/kg | Attenuate the effectiveness of tamoxifen and reduce the concentrations of endoxifen and 4-OH-tamoxifen in tumor-bearing mice | Inhibit CYP450 enzyme activity in rat liver microsomes |
| Tangeretin | Nude mice (Bracke et al., 1999) | 30 µM in drinking water | 0.1 mM in drinking water | Neutralize tamoxifen’s inhibitory effect | - |
a
SWT: composed of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae], Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC.).
b
BZT: consisting of Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker (L. brownii) and Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge.