TABLE 6.

Results of linear mixed effect models with knee kinematics and kinetics as responses in children with DMD.

	Fixed effects
	Intercept	Regression coefficients
		Longitudinal effects				Cross-sectional effects
		Time		Time2		Baseline age		Baseline age2		Baseline age3
Variables	β0	β1	p-value	β2	p-value	β3	p-value	β4	p-value	β5	p-value
Max knee flex angle stance (°)	32.14*	−0.85	0.0010*			0.73	0.0094*
Min knee flex angle stance (°)	3.73*	−0.49	0.3203			1.00	0.0006*
ROM knee sagittal plane stance (°)	26.06*	0.61	0.3377	−0.36	0.0033*	1.03	0.1231	−0.12	0.0361*
Max knee flex angle swing (°)	68.83*	−1.25	0.0029*
Max knee ext mom stance (Nm/kg)	0.418*	−0.018	0.3034
Min knee ext mom stance (Nm/kg)	−0.043	−0.017	0.2387	0.008	0.0111*	−0.068	0.0302*	0.020	0.0176*	−0.001	0.0229*

The asterisks (*) indicate significance level at p < 0.05. DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy; ext, extension; flex, flexion; Max, maximal; Min, minimal; mom, moment; ROM, range of motion.