TABLE 1.
Summary of emerging nanomedicines for NB diagnostics.
| Diagnostic type | Formulation | Type of NPs | Sizes (nm) | Model | Observed effects | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | RVG-GNPs | Nanobubbles NPs | 220 | In vitro and in vivo | Enhanced US signals and reduced tumor growth in a tumor-bearing mouse model. | Lee et al. (2016a) |
| MRI | DySiO2-(Fe3O4)n | Inorganic NPs | 30 | In vitro | High-performance MRI and fluorescence imaging of NB | Lee et al. (2006b) |
| Fe3O4-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) | Magnetic polymer particles | 20–200 | In vitro and in vivo | Exhibited highly biocompatible and good contrast in T2-weighted imaging. | Chen et al. (2015) | |
| Fe3O4@GdPB | Iron oxide-gadolinium-containing Prussian blue | About 30 | In vitro and in vivo | Increased the signal: noise ratio of the T1-weighted scan and reduced the growth rate of the tumor. | Kale et al. (2017) | |
| LPD | Composite of liposome, peptide and plasmid DNA | 70–140 | In vitro and in vivo | Targeted NB cell transfection and real-time monitoring of vector distribution in the tumor | Kenny et al. (2012) | |
| Optical imaging | NDI-nip FONPs | Organic particles | 50–70 | In vitro | Targeted imaging and delivery of curcumin to NB cell | Ghosh et al. (2021) |
| A&MMP@Ag2S-AF7P | Affinity peptide composites | 160 | In vitro and in vivo | Distinguish tumor tissue from non-cancerous tissue | Zhan et al. (2021) | |
| Anti-GD2/GQDs | Conjugates of graphene quantum dots and antibody | 150–160 | In vitro and in vivo | Tumor tracking and imaging | Lin et al. (2021) |