Table 3.
Analysis of association between dysautonomia and disability milestones
| Dysautonomic features | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p value | OR (95%CI) | p value | |
| Dementia | ||||
| SCOPA-AUT (total score) | 1.032 (0.948–1.123) | 0.470 | – | – |
| Gastrointestinal domain impairment | 3.123 (0.480–20.310) | 0.233 | 2.186 (0.221–21.603) | 0.503 |
| Urogenital domain impairment | 0.541 (0.105–2.777) | 0.462 | 0.493 (0.066–3.660) | 0.489 |
| Cardiovascular domain impairment | 8.473 (1.476–48.638) | 0.017 | 6.955 (1.113–43.475) | 0.038 |
| Thermoregulatory domain impairment | 3.843 (0.699–12.089) | 0.131 | 2.055 (0.324–13.043) | 0.445 |
| Pupillomotor domain impairment | 1.327 (0.231–7.634) | 0.751 | 0.988 (0.115–8.488) | 0.991 |
| After removing patients with dementia at baseline | ||||
| SCOPA-AUT (total score) | 1.032 (0.946–1.126) | 0.478 | – | – |
| Gastrointestinal domain impairment | 2.409 (0.382–15.211) | 0.350 | 1.424 (0.138–14.739) | 0.767 |
| Urogenital domain impairment | 0.414 (0.077–2.220) | 0.303 | 0.383 (0.049–2.973) | 0.359 |
| Cardiovascular domain impairment | 9.058 (1.548–53.000) | 0.014 | 7.630 (1.154–50.436) | 0.035 |
| Thermoregulatory domain impairment | 4.389 (0.822–19.834) | 0.091 | 2.281 (0.286–18.164) | 0.436 |
| Pupillomotor domain impairment | 1.599 (0.279–9.179) | 0.599 | 1.190 (0.137–10.370) | 0.875 |
| Falls | ||||
| SCOPA-AUT (total score) | 1.011 (0.932–1.096) | 0.790 | – | – |
| Gastrointestinal domain impairment | 2.028 (0.489–8.401) | 0.330 | 1.417 (0.278–7.232) | 0.675 |
| Urogenital domain impairment | 1.255 (0.310–5.084) | 0.750 | 1.196 (0.250–5.712) | 0.823 |
| Cardiovascular domain impairment | 5.701 (1.099–18.949) | 0.039 | 4.294 (0.413–44.609) | 0.222 |
| Thermoregulatory domain impairment | 1.672 (0.425–6.581) | 0.462 | 1.639 (0.291–9.226) | 0.575 |
| Pupillomotor domain impairment | 0.328 (0.268–1.588) | 0.266 | 0.290 (0.051–1.656) | 0.164 |
| Dysphagia | ||||
| SCOPA-AUT (total score) | 1.069 (0.953–1.199) | 0.253 | – | – |
| Gastrointestinal domain impairment | 10.093 (0.641–58.872) | 0.100 | 13.352 (0.793–65.771) | 0.072 |
| Urogenital domain impairment | 1.025 (0.257–3.622) | 0.539 | 0.810 (0.113–5.554) | 0.755 |
| Cardiovascular domain impairment | 4.808 (0.601–38.447) | 0.139 | 6.082 (0.546–44.745) | 0.142 |
| Thermoregulatory domain impairment | 1.285 (0.246–6.700) | 0.766 | 0.416 (0.051–3.417) | 0.414 |
| Pupillomotor domain impairment | 0.626 (0.070–5.626) | 0.676 | 0.757 (0.047–12.092) | 0.844 |
| Dysarthria | ||||
| SCOPA-AUT (total score) | 1.080 (0.996–1.170) | 0.061 | – | – |
| Gastrointestinal domain impairment | 4.375 (0.874–21.904) | 0.073 | 3.160 (0.552–18.082) | 0.196 |
| Urogenital domain impairment | 2.883 (0.640–9.990) | 0.168 | 2.898 (0.539–15.588) | 0.215 |
| Cardiovascular domain impairment | 2.980 (0.680–13.053) | 0.147 | 2.226 (0.453–10.933) | 0.325 |
| Thermoregulatory domain impairment | 1.599 (0.463–5.520) | 0.457 | 1.310 (0.280–6.129) | 0.732 |
| Pupillomotor domain impairment | 1.121 (0.250–5.026) | 0.882 | 1.248 (0.224–6.943) | 0.800 |
| Postural instability | ||||
| SCOPA-AUT (total score) | 1.040 (0.961–1.126) | 0.326 | – | – |
| Gastrointestinal domain impairment | 1.853 (0.470–7.298) | 0.378 | 1.204 (0.259–5.602) | 0.813 |
| Urogenital domain impairment | 1.268 (0.331–4.851) | 0.729 | 1.551 (0.345–6.968) | 0.567 |
| Cardiovascular domain impairment | 2.928 (0.513–16.727) | 0.227 | 2.181 (0.358–13.306) | 0.398 |
| Thermoregulatory domain impairment | 2.462 (0.661–9.174) | 0.179 | 2.331 (0.492–11.055) | 0.286 |
| Pupillomotor domain impairment | 1.112 (0.252–4.908) | 0.888 | 0.955 (0.191–4.782) | 0.955 |
Results are reported as Odds Ratio (OR); 95% Confidence Interval is reported in brackets. Analyses were corrected for age, disease duration, and motor impairment (MDS-UPDRS-III) at baseline
Bold indicates the significant value of p-value: statistical significance
SCOPA-AUT, Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-Autonomic