Table 3.
Results of multilevel logistic regression models: worker characteristics, measures and cross-level interactions (n = 754).
| Variable |
Model 1.1
psychological PVV |
Model 1.2
physical PVV |
Model 2.1
psychological PVV |
Model 2.2
physical PVV |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Level-1 | |||||
| Gender | Male | 0.86 (0.42~1.77) | 3.07 (0.94~9.99) | 0.97 (0.49~1.92) | 3.30 (0.97~11.26) |
| Female | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Age | 35~45 | 1.21 (0.74~1.98) | 1.68 (0.56~5.04) | 1.17 (0.73~1.87) | 2.03 (0.69~6.01) |
| 46~ | 1.30 (0.38~4.51) | 4.37 (0.41~46.15) | 1.27 (0.4~4.06) | 4.34 (0.40~47.62) | |
| Under 35 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Profession | Doctor | 0.48 (0.23~0.99)a | 5.34 (1.59~17.90)b | 0.31 (0.03~2.86) | 1.49 (0.35~6.32) |
| Other HWs | 0.63 (0.12~3.37) | – | 15.64 (0.87~282.37) | – | |
| Nurse | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Experience in health sector |
under 1 year | 0.38 (0.07~1.92) | 2.28 (0.13~39.06) | 0.47 (0.1~2.3) | 1.74 (0.10~30.94) |
| 1–5 year | 1.92 (0.67~5.49) | 2.62 (0.29~23.64) | 1.73 (0.62~4.83) | 2.27 (0.24~21.61) | |
| 6–10 year | 1.78 (0.68~4.61) | 1.11 (0.15~8.49) | 1.48 (0.58~3.8) | 0.74 (0.09~6.37) | |
| 11–15 year | 2.09 (0.8~5.49) | 0.40 (0.04~4.08) | 1.91 (0.74~4.96) | 0.27 (0.03~2.76) | |
| 16–20 year | 2.02 (0.7~5.81) | – | 1.99 (0.7~5.7) | – | |
| Over 20 years | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Department | OED | 1.34 (0.73~2.44) | 2.25 (0.56~9.11) | 1.39 (0.81 ~2.39) | 2.73 (0.67~11.15) |
| General surgery | 2.31 (1.22~4.4)a | 4.25 (0.93~19.33) | 2.69 (1.48 ~4.89)b | 2.71 (0.48~15.15) | |
| Intensive care | 1.09 (0.49~2.45) | 22.94 (2.9~181.23)b | 1.16 (0.52 ~2.62) | 30.21 (3.69~247.22)b | |
| Specialized unit | 1.95 (1.01~3.76)a | 9.34 (1.89~46.21)b | 2.67 (1.50 ~4.78)b | 15.68 (3.63~67.75)b | |
| Support services | 0.18 (0.03~0.93)a | – | 0.16 (0.03 ~0.86)a | – | |
| General medicine | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Patients/ clients most frequently work with |
Newborns | 0.62 (0.19~2.08) | 2.22 (0.44~11.15) | ||
| Non-newborns | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Infants | 7.21 (2.24~23.19)b | 3.02 (0.58~15.7) | |||
| Non-infants | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Children | 2.52 (1.34~4.75)b | 1.19 (0.32~4.47) | |||
| Non- children | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Adolescents | 1.44 (0.77~2.67) | 2.06 (0.5~8.49) | |||
| Non-adolescents | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Adults | 1.69 (1.11~2.57)a | 1.55 (0.53~4.54) | |||
| Non-adults | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Elderly | 1.66 (1.03~2.67)a | 1.10 (0.3~4.06) | |||
| Non-elderly | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Level-2 | |||||
| Measure (n) | Without measure (1) | 3.05 (0.67~13.9) | |||
| With measure (1) | 1.0 | ||||
| Without measure (13) | 4.95 (2.16~11.37) b | ||||
| With measure (13) | 1.0 | ||||
| Cross-Level Interactions | |||||
| Measure (n) *Profession |
Doctor*NO | 1.31 (0.13~12.73) | 11.26 (1.09~116.39)a | ||
| Other HWs*NO | 0.01 (0~0.45) a | – | |||
| Nurse*Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Column heading shows dependent variable.
a, bdenotes significance at the 5 percent and 1 percent level, respectively.
Measure (1), Security measures; Measure (13), Investment in human resource development.
PVV, patient and visitor violence.