Table 4.
The correlation between 13 measures against violence and PVV.
| Variables | Intervention measures | Respondents n (%) | Psychological PVV (%) | Physical PVV (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | OR (95% CI) | Yes | No | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Measure (1) | Security measures | 649 (86.1) | 30.4 | 19.0 | 0.65 (0.37~1.13) | 2.9 | 11.4 | 7.93 (2.79~22.58)b |
| Measure (2) | Improve surroundings | 536 (71.1) | 30.8 | 23.9 | 0.8 (0.54~1.19) | 2.6 | 7.8 | 4.44 (1.82~10.85)b |
| Measure (3) | Restrict public access | 328 (43.5) | 27.1 | 30.0 | 1.37 (0.95~1.97) | 3.7 | 4.5 | 2.44 (0.99~6.02) |
| Measure (4) | Patient screening | 224 (29.7) | 17.9 | 33.4 | 2.61 (1.7~4.00)b | 4.0 | 4.2 | 2.08 (0.81~5.32) |
| Measure (5) | Patient protocols | 204 (27.1) | 24.0 | 30.5 | 1.41 (0.93~2.12) | 2.5 | 4.7 | 4.69 (1.42~15.52)a |
| Measure (6) | Restrict exchange of money at the workplace | 188 (24.9) | 24.5 | 30.2 | 1.36 (0.91~2.05) | 2.7 | 4.6 | 2.05 (0.65~6.46) |
| Measure (7) | Increased staff numbers | 225 (29.8) | 20.9 | 32.1 | 1.77 (1.16~2.69)b | 5.3 | 3.6 | 1.35 (0.52~3.52) |
| Measure (8) | Check-in procedures for staff | 152 (20.2) | 23.7 | 30.1 | 1.48 (0.94~2.33) | 6.6 | 3.5 | 0.85 (0.34~2.14) |
| Measure (9) | Special equipment or clothing | 151 (20.0) | 23.8 | 30.0 | 1.52 (0.96~2.4) | 4.0 | 4.1 | 1.35 (0.46~4) |
| Measure (10) | Changed shifts or rotas | 127 (16.8) | 18.9 | 30.8 | 1.77 (1.05~2.99)a | 6.3 | 3.7 | 0.96 (0.34~2.71) |
| Measure (11) | Reduced periods of working alone | 195 (25.9) | 24.6 | 30.2 | 1.13 (0.75~1.7) | 5.1 | 3.8 | 0.98 (0.39~2.49) |
| Measure (12) | Training | 258 (34.2) | 25.2 | 30.6 | 1.21 (0.84~1.75) | 3.5 | 4.4 | 1.22 (0.49~3.06) |
| Measure (13) | Investment in human resource development | 105 (13.9) | 8.6 | 32.0 | 4.49 (2.14~9.38)b | 1.0 | 4.6 | 13.77 (1.32~143.21)a |
a, bdenotes significance at the 5 percent and 1 percent level, respectively.
OR (95% CI) were the results of multilevel logistic regression models.
PVV, patient and visitor violence.
Yes, The measure (n) existed in HWs' workplace; No, The measure (n) didn't exist in HWs' workplace.