Table 4.
Causes of death for patients with stage IV RCC.
| Timing of Death After Diagnosis | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Years | <1 year | 1 to <5 years | 5 to <10 years | ≥10 years | ||||||
| Cause of Death | No. (%) | SMR (95% CI) | No. (%) | SMR (95% CI) | No. (%) | SMR (95% CI) | No. (%) | SMR (95% CI) | No. (%) | SMR (95% CI) |
| All causes of death | 14,542 (100.00%) | 21.84# (21.49–22.2) | 8,499 (100.00%) | 45.20# (44.24–46.17) | 5,315 (100.00%) | 16.25# (15.82–16.69) | 639 (100.00%) | 5.23# (4.84–5.66) | 89 (100.00%) | 3.11# (2.5–3.83) |
| All malignant cancers | 13,396 (92.12%) | 80.42# (79.07–81.8) | 7,988 (93.99%) | 165.57# (161.95–169.24) | 4,841 (91.08%) | 58.04# (56.42–59.7) | 514 (80.44%) | 17.91# (16.39–19.52) | 53 (59.55%) | 8.54# (6.4–11.17) |
| Oral cavity/pharynx/eye/endocrine | 12 (0.08%) | 3.34# (1.73–5.84) | 9 (0.11%) | 8.92# (4.08–16.93) | 2 (0.04%) | 1.1 (0.13–3.97) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–5.91) | 1 (1.12%) | 7.41 (0.19–41.29) |
| Digestive system | 105 (0.72%) | 2.40# (1.97–2.91) | 59 (0.69%) | 4.73# (3.6–6.1) | 38 (0.71%) | 1.73# (1.22–2.37) | 6 (0.94%) | 0.79 (0.29–1.72) | 2 (2.25%) | 1.23 (0.15–4.46) |
| Respiratory system | 226 (1.55%) | 4.60# (4.02–5.24) | 142 (1.67%) | 9.71# (8.18–11.44) | 71 (1.34%) | 2.87# (2.24–3.62) | 10 (1.56%) | 1.24 (0.59–2.27) | 3 (3.37%) | 1.83 (0.38–5.34) |
| Bones and joints/soft tissue/skin | 39 (0.27%) | 7.64# (5.43–10.45) | 25 (0.29%) | 17.40# (11.26–25.69) | 11 (0.21%) | 4.30# (2.15–7.7) | 3 (0.47%) | 3.32 (0.68–9.71) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–17.97) |
| Breast | 7 (0.05%) | 1.17 (0.47–2.42) | 3 (0.04%) | 1.64 (0.34–4.8) | 3 (0.06%) | 1.03 (0.21–3) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–3.62) | 1 (1.12%) | 5 (0.13–27.83) |
| Genital system | 42 (0.29%) | 2.54# (1.83–3.44) | 25 (0.29%) | 5.30# (3.43–7.83) | 15 (0.28%) | 1.85# (1.03–3.05) | 2 (0.31%) | 0.67 (0.08–2.43) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–5.25) |
| Kidney and renal pelvis | 12,310 (84.65%) | 2,889.25# (2,838.43–2,940.75) | 7,308 (85.99%) | 6,003.28# (5,866.42–6,142.52) | 4,498 (84.63%) | 2,095.36# (2,034.57–2,157.51) | 463 (72.46%) | 628.07# (572.16–687.97) | 41 (46.07%) | 257.12# (184.51–348.81) |
| Other urinary organs | 88 (0.61%) | 16.05# (12.87–19.77) | 59 (0.69%) | 39.25# (29.88–50.64) | 28 (0.53%) | 10.39# (6.9–15.01) | 1 (0.16%) | 0.97 (0.02–5.43) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–14.31) |
| Brain/other nervous system | 21 (0.14%) | 5.45# (3.37–8.33) | 11 (0.13%) | 10.09# (5.03–18.05) | 7 (0.13%) | 3.56# (1.43–7.35) | 3 (0.47%) | 4.54 (0.94–13.28) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–26.47) |
| Lymph/blood | 73 (0.50%) | 4.45# (3.48–5.59) | 34 (0.40%) | 7.23# (5–10.1) | 29 (0.55%) | 3.55# (2.38–5.1) | 7 (1.10%) | 2.42 (0.97–4.98) | 3 (3.37%) | 4.56 (0.94–13.34) |
| Miscellaneous malignant cancer | 473 (3.25%) | 37.57# (34.26–41.11) | 313 (3.68%) | 86.16# (76.88–96.25) | 139 (2.62%) | 22.13# (18.61–26.13) | 19 (2.97%) | 8.68# (5.22–13.55) | 2 (2.25%) | 4.11 (0.5–14.85) |
| In situ, benign, or unknown behavior neoplasm | 36 (0.25%) | 8.44# (5.91–11.68) | 21 (0.25%) | 17.67# (10.94–27) | 14 (0.26%) | 6.71# (3.67–11.25) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–4.63) | 1 (1.12%) | 5.18 (0.13–28.88) |
| Noncancer | 1,110 (7.63%) | 2.24# (2.11–2.38) | 490 (5.77%) | 3.54# (3.23–3.86) | 460 (8.65%) | 1.90# (1.73–2.09) | 125 (19.56%) | 1.35# (1.12–1.61) | 35 (39.33%) | 1.58# (1.1–2.19) |
| Infections | 65 (0.45%) | 3.95# (3.05–5.04) | 33 (0.39%) | 6.93# (4.77–9.74) | 25 (0.47%) | 3.06# (1.98–4.52) | 6 (0.94%) | 2.08 (0.76–4.52) | 1 (1.12%) | 1.58 (0.04–8.83) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 57 (0.39%) | 2.69# (2.04–3.48) | 21 (0.25%) | 3.49# (2.16–5.33) | 22 (0.41%) | 2.08# (1.31–3.16) | 9 (1.41%) | 2.38# (1.09–4.52) | 5 (5.62%) | 5.95# (1.93–13.88) |
| Alzheimer’s (ICD-9 and 10 only) | 21 (0.14%) | 0.98 (0.61–1.5) | 5 (0.06%) | 0.92 (0.3–2.14) | 12 (0.23%) | 1.21 (0.63–2.12) | 2 (0.31%) | 0.43 (0.05–1.55) | 2 (2.25%) | 1.48 (0.18–5.34) |
| Diseases of heart | 328 (2.26%) | 1.92# (1.72–2.14) | 157 (1.85%) | 3.22# (2.74–3.76) | 125 (2.35%) | 1.50# (1.25–1.79) | 35 (5.48%) | 1.12 (0.78–1.56) | 11 (12.36%) | 1.48 (0.74–2.65) |
| Hypertension without heart disease | 22 (0.15%) | 2.96# (1.86–4.48) | 8 (0.09%) | 4.02# (1.74–7.92) | 13 (0.24%) | 3.63# (1.93–6.2) | 1 (0.16%) | 0.67 (0.02–3.73) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–10.12) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 87 (0.60%) | 2.51# (2.01–3.09) | 31 (0.36%) | 3.13# (2.13–4.45) | 40 (0.75%) | 2.39# (1.71–3.25) | 14 (2.19%) | 2.16# (1.18–3.62) | 2 (2.25%) | 1.26 (0.15–4.56) |
| Diseases of arteries | 18 (0.12%) | 2.43# (1.44–3.84) | 7 (0.08%) | 3.15# (1.27–6.5) | 9 (0.17%) | 2.48# (1.14–4.71) | 2 (0.31%) | 1.56 (0.19–5.64) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–12.91) |
| Pneumonia and influenza | 123 (0.85%) | 2.20# (1.83–2.62) | 51 (0.60%) | 3.24# (2.41–4.26) | 55 (1.03%) | 2.01# (1.51–2.61) | 15 (2.35%) | 1.45 (0.81–2.4) | 2 (2.25%) | 0.81 (0.1–2.94) |
| Digestive | 15 (0.10%) | 1.55 (0.87–2.55) | 4 (0.05%) | 1.45 (0.39–3.7) | 11 (0.21%) | 2.20# (1.1–3.93) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–2.28) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–11.65) |
| Nephritis/nephrotic syndrome/nephrosis | 49 (0.34%) | 3.70# (2.74–4.89) | 22 (0.26%) | 5.90# (3.7–8.93) | 18 (0.34%) | 2.79# (1.65–4.41) | 7 (1.10%) | 2.83# (1.14–5.83) | 2 (2.25%) | 3.44 (0.42–12.43) |
| Pregnancy/childbirth/puerperium | 8 (0.06%) | 11.54# (4.98–22.74) | 3 (0.04%) | 14.90# (3.07–43.54) | 5 (0.09%) | 14.11# (4.58–32.93) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–32.33) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–158.67) |
| Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions | 33 (0.23%) | 4.65# (3.2–6.53) | 19 (0.22%) | 9.43# (5.68–14.73) | 13 (0.24%) | 3.79# (2.02–6.48) | 1 (0.16%) | 0.73 (0.02–4.09) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–13.05) |
| Accidents/adverse effects/homicide/legal intervention | 50 (0.34%) | 2.20# (1.63–2.9) | 16 (0.19%) | 2.49# (1.42–4.04) | 27 (0.51%) | 2.36# (1.56–3.44) | 4 (0.63%) | 1 (0.27–2.57) | 3 (3.37%) | 3.24 (0.67–9.48) |
| Suicide/self-inflicted injury | 22 (0.15%) | 3.46# (2.17–5.24) | 12 (0.14%) | 6.55# (3.39–11.45) | 9 (0.17%) | 2.73# (1.25–5.18) | 1 (0.16%) | 0.97 (0.02–5.43) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0–18.28) |
| Other cause of death | 212 (1.46%) | 2.12# (1.84–2.43) | 101 (1.19%) | 3.77# (3.07–4.58) | 76 (1.43%) | 1.57# (1.24–1.97) | 28 (4.38%) | 1.4 (0.93–2.03) | 7 (7.87%) | 1.42 (0.57–2.92) |
#p < 0.05; SMRs, standardized mortality ratios; CI, confidence interval.