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. 2022 Jun 2;9:843096. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.843096

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Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Zhang, Nie and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of LEO and DEO on secretion of ZO-1 (A), occludin (B) and claudin (C) in E. coli injected mice duodenum. Data were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM; n = 8). The 1st column was normal saline group (NS) with no E. coli and no EO. The 2nd column was the E. coli group with no EO. The 3rd−8th column are the LEO and DEO groups with doses at 300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg BW, respectively. ##P < 0.01, E. coli group compared with NS group; Essential oil (E) and its different dose (D) had significant effects on duodenal tight junction proteins (P_E < 0.01, P_D < 0.01), and their interaction (E × D) was significant (P_E × P_D < 0.01). **P < 0.01, EO groups compared with E. coli group. LEO, lemon essential oil; DEO, d-limonene essential oil.