. 2022 Jun 2;9:913297. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913297

Table 2.

Changes in the volatile oxidation products of LO at different heating temperatures.

Compounds		Concentration (internal standard area %)
		unheated	100°C	120°C	150°C	180°C	200°C
LO	2-Butenal	ND	ND	5.34 ± 4.14^a	11.32 ± 1.36^a	24.44 ± 8.73^b	24.35 ± 3.59^b
	Pentanal	ND	14.82 ± 0.14^a	14.89 ± 1.93^a	26.92 ± 4.70^a	53.04 ± 4.43^b	52.60 ± 19.21^b
	2-Pentenal	ND	2.06 ± 0.27^a	2.84 ± 1.46^a	8.98 ± 0.01^b	14.42 ± 1.68^bc	15.90 ± 4.27^c
	Hexanal	10.78 ± 2.60^a	73.47 ± 3.9^b	75.29 ± 6.12^b	108.98 ± 21.75^bc	187.55 ± 11.16^d	149.72 ± 46.65^cd
	2-Hexenal	ND	4.12 ± 0.06^a	4.60 ± 0.59^a	23.87 ± 3.71^b	33.62 ± 5.85^b	38.65 ± 13.33^b
	Heptanal	ND	12.72 ± 0.21^a	11.53 ± 1.53^a	18.19 ± 2.48^a	37.78 ± 2.22^b	35.56 ± 10.94^b
	2-Heptenal	6.32± 0.58^a	62.15 ± 4.5^b	67.64 ± 7.75^b	183.02 ± 28.64^c	237.05 ± 43.48^c	279.13 ± 82.29^c
	2,4-Heptadienal, (E,Z)	ND	5.12 ± 1.22^a	4.38 ± 1.14^a	29.2 ± 3.73^ab	49.8 ± 12.12^bc	64.89 ± 16.65^c
	Octanal	ND	19.10 ± 0.96^a	15.32 ± 1.04^ab	19.38 ± 4.13^ab	39.97 ± 0.20^b	31.44 ± 10.66^c
	2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)	ND	8.99 ± 0.86^a	9.65 ± 1.65^a	91.60 ± 9.14^b	173.15 ± 34.34^c	219.74 ± 34.02^c
	2-Octenal	ND	25.11 ± 2.5^a	22.11 ± 6.06^a	68.89 ± 13.22^b	96.46 ± 18.17^b	105.25 ± 28.06^b
	Nonanal	ND	40.23 ± 1.9^a	36.84 ± 5.05^a	86.00 ± 20.44^a	173.5 ± 21.35^b	160.62 ± 48.18^b
	2-Decenal	ND	35.01 ± 3.08^a	29.22 ± 8.28^a	71.13 ± 7.68^b	216.46 ± 7.05^c	230.98 ± 28.04^c
	2,4-Decadienal, (E,Z)	ND	10.83 ± 1.08^a	9.89 ± 4.78^a	72.54 ± 3.39^b	251.06 ± 2.88^c	257.21 ± 3.88^c
	2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)	ND	44.64 ± 1.01^a	36.86 ± 15.43^a	238.21 ± 17.47^b	923.49 ± 31.19^c	955.73 ± 10.58^c
	2-Undecenal	ND	26.63 ± 5.33^a	24.00 ± 6.83^a	58.83 ± 0.59^b	202.84 ± 20.12^c	196.57 ± 4.99^c

LO, lard oil. Data are mean value of triplicate with standard deviation. Different lowercase denotes significant difference (p < 0.05) in the same row.