Table 2.
Characteristics of participants according to the quartile of alcohol dietary pattern score
(Mean values and standard deviations, n 2171)
| Q1 (n 543) | Q2 (n 542) | Q3 (n 543) | Q4 (n 543) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P for trend* | |
| Alcohol dietary pattern score | –1·21 | 0·49 | –0·34 | 0·18 | 0·26 | 0·19 | 1·3 | 0·59 | <0·001 |
| Men (%) | 39·2 | 58·3 | 70·3 | 81·6 | <0·001 | ||||
| Age (years) | 53·7 | 9·5 | 53·9 | 9·6 | 54·3 | 9·8 | 54·2 | 9·4 | 0·27 |
| Height (cm) | 163·3 | 7·7 | 165·4 | 7·9 | 166·6 | 7·5 | 168·9 | 7·2 | <0·001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 58·8 | 10·8 | 61·8 | 11·0 | 64·0 | 11·4 | 67·9 | 11·4 | <0·001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22·0 | 3·1 | 22·5 | 3·1 | 23·0 | 3·3 | 23·7 | 3·1 | <0·001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79·2 | 9·4 | 80·6 | 8·6 | 82·1 | 8·8 | 84·6 | 9·0 | <0·001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121·6 | 19·1 | 124·3 | 19·1 | 126·6 | 20·7 | 130·5 | 20·4 | <0·001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75·1 | 11·3 | 77·8 | 12·2 | 79·6 | 13·4 | 81·9 | 13·3 | <0·001 |
| AST (U/l) | 22·6 | 7·6 | 23·2 | 8·1 | 23·8 | 8·4 | 26·0 | 9·6 | <0·001 |
| ALT (U/l) | 21·4 | 12·6 | 22·3 | 12·8 | 23·7 | 13·5 | 25·2 | 14·7 | <0·001 |
| ALT:AST | 0·92 | 0·29 | 0·94 | 0·30 | 0·97 | 0·31 | 0·95 | 0·29 | 0·05 |
| γ-GTP (U/l) | 30·5 | 34·1 | 30·6 | 24·6 | 38·1 | 38·6 | 54·8 | 60·8 | <0·001 |
| HSI | 30·6 | 4·5 | 30·9 | 4·4 | 31·4 | 4·8 | 31·8 | 4·4 | <0·001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 128·8 | 31·8 | 126·4 | 29·7 | 125·9 | 29·3 | 120·8 | 31·2 | <0·001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 69·5 | 16·8 | 67·3 | 16·4 | 66·2 | 17·8 | 67·1 | 17·3 | 0·01 |
| TAG (mg/dl) | 87·8 | 53·4 | 90·6 | 59·6 | 101·3 | 68·5 | 123·1 | 123·3 | <0·001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 91·1 | 11·1 | 93·4 | 13·9 | 95·4 | 15·7 | 97·0 | 13·5 | <0·001 |
| Fasting insulin (µU/ml) | 5·5 | 4·0 | 5·4 | 3·3 | 5·5 | 3·3 | 5·6 | 3·6 | 0·34 |
| HOMA-IR | 1·3 | 1·1 | 1·3 | 0·9 | 1·3 | 0·9 | 1·4 | 1·0 | 0·03 |
| MVPA (min/d) | 44·6 | 46·4 | 51·4 | 59·5 | 52·5 | 52·1 | 52·5 | 47·2 | 0·01 |
| Marital status (%) | 81·6 | 86·3 | 86·0 | 84·2 | 0·29 | ||||
| Educational status | <0·001 | ||||||||
| Junior high/high school (%) | 3·3 | 2·4 | 1·7 | 0·9 | |||||
| Junior college and technical college (%) | 8·8 | 9·6 | 5·0 | 3·7 | |||||
| College diploma (%) | 87·8 | 88·0 | 93·4 | 95·4 | |||||
| Household income | <0·001 | ||||||||
| <3 000 000 JPY (%) | 7·9 | 7·6 | 6·4 | 5·9 | |||||
| 3 000 000–5 000 000 JPY (%) | 17·1 | 14·0 | 12·7 | 14·0 | |||||
| 5 000 000–7 000 000 JPY (%) | 18·0 | 16·8 | 17·3 | 14·4 | |||||
| 7 000 000–10 000 000 JPY (%) | 24·7 | 20·8 | 22·5 | 20·6 | |||||
| >10 000 000 JPY (%) | 32·2 | 40·8 | 41·1 | 45·1 | |||||
| Smoking status | <0·001 | ||||||||
| Current smoker (%) | 3·5 | 5·0 | 7·7 | 12·0 | |||||
| Former smoker (%) | 21·4 | 29·7 | 33·1 | 43·1 | |||||
| Non-smoker (%) | 75·1 | 65·3 | 59·1 | 44·9 | |||||
| Use of cholesterol-lowering drugs (%) | 7·9 | 8·9 | 8·8 | 7·9 | 1·00 | ||||
| Use of TAG-lowering drugs (%) | 1·3 | 2·0 | 3·3 | 5·0 | <0·001 | ||||
| Use of antihypertensive drugs (%) | 9·9 | 10·0 | 13·3 | 20·4 | <0·001 | ||||
| Use of diabetes drugs (%) | 1·7 | 1·8 | 2·2 | 3·3 | 0·06 | ||||
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HSI, hepatic steatosis index; HOMA-IR, homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
*
P values were obtained from a linear regression analysis for continuous variables and Mantel–Haenszel χ 2 test for categorical variables.